Who provided the Ancient Greeks with their predominant moral ideals—before the advent of the Presocratic philosophers? (a) Poets (b) Athletes (c) Heroes (d) Politicians (e) None of the above

poet

What is the Greek word for ‘human excellence’? (a) ARISTEUEIN (b) HYBRIS (c) ARETE (d) DIKE (e) None of the above

arete

Who of the seven sages of Ancient Greece was the first philosopher?

thales

What, for the ancient Greeks, did KOSMOS mean? (a) finely-tuned soul (b) well-ordered structure (c) properly-balanced body (d) justly-run state (e) None of the above

well-ordered structure

Xenophanes, an important Presocratic intellectual, but not a philosopher, embraced the morality of traditional Greek gods and religion. (a) True (b) False

false

Which of the Presocratic philosophers is associated with a picture of the human condition (i.e. an ‘anthropology’, theory/view of human nature) as a fall into this world of misery from a primeval state of bliss? (a) Anaximander (b) Empedocles (c) Thales (d) Pythagoras (e) None of the above

Pythagoras

What is the Greek work for ‘law’? (a) PSYCHE (b) SOPHRONEIN (c) NOMOS (d) PHYSIS (e) None of the above

nomos

Who believed morality depends on society (no universal right/wrong)?

Answer: The Sophists (like Protagoras) Why it developed: Different cultures had different beliefs → led to relativism

Callicles: things are honorable by ______ but not by ______.

convention (nomos) nature (physis)