Surfaces

is the uppermost layer of a pavement structure, designed to withstand the wear and tear of traffic.

Waterways

is the top of the water where boats floats and waves are formed.

Guideways

specialized, exclusive infrastructure that physically support and guide automated or rail

Transportation Surfaces

are the prepared surfaces of roads, runways or pathways that vehicles move on.

Road pavements

surfaces designed to support ang guide vehicles like cars, buses and trucks.

Railway Tracks

the surfaces on which trains travel.

Sound

measured using the decibel, which relates sound pressure to a reference pressure

Decibel

Basic measurement of sound

Detention basis

Hold water to slow release and allow settling.

Infiltration Trenches

Directs rainwater into the surrounding soil.

Porous Pavement

Serves as a reservoir to detain water beneath the surfaces.

Vegetative Strips

Acts as a natural filter for runoff before it enters systems.

Wetlands

Highly effective at removing nutrients and improving quality

Resources Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA)

Management of solid and Hazardous waste.

Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act of 1980

Gives the Environmental Protection Agency the ability to intervene in managing land contaminated with high levels of hazardous materials.

Landfilling

Contaminated material may be removed and placed in an approved landfill.

Containment

This involves sealing off hazardous waste or contaminated soil.

Treatment

process designed to minimize environmental damage and facilitate resource recovery

Space-time Relationship

how vehicles move in terms of distance and times.

Direct Graphical Solutions

Using of complex mathematical equation.

Queuing Analysis

Studies delays caused when traffic demand exceeds system capacity.

Network Analysis

Consist of set of nodes connected by links.

Traffic Volumes

Number of vehicles passing a specific point on a roadway during a given period of time.

Speed

the rate at which vehicles travel along a roadway.

Traffic Density

Number of the vehicles occupying a given length of roadway at a specific time.

Traffic Capacity

Maximum number of vehicles passing a road section in a given time

Capacity

the maximum number of vehicles, passenger, or the like, per unit time, which can be accommodated under given conditions with a reasonable expectation of occurrence.

Service Volume

The maximum number of vehicles, passengers, or the like, which can be accommodated by a given facility or system under given conditions at a given level of service.

Headway

measurement of the distance or time interval between the front ends of two consecutive vehicles traveling along the same lane or tracks.

Air traffic capacity

the maximum number of aircraft that can be safely managed in a specific airspace or at an airport over a given time.

Rail Capacity

maximum number of trains or amount of traffic that a railway line, station, or network can handle over a specific period of time.

Freeway

defined as a divided highway facility having two or more lanes for exclusive use of traffic in each direction.

Ramp

as a length of roadway providing an exclusive connection between two highway facilities.

Two-lane rural Highways

consist of one lane in each direction, where passing lane requires using the opposing lane.

Level Of Service Module

estimation of delay for each lane group, aggregation of delays for each approach and for the intersection as a whole, and determination levels of service based on stopped time delay per vehicle.

Capacity Analysis Module

manipulation of volumes and saturation flow rates to compute capacities and v/c ratios for each lane group, and the critical v/c ratios for the intersection as a whole.

Traffic Control

provides for the safe and orderly movement of traffic; to resolve conflicts between vehicles, vessels, or aircraft, and to the extent possible to minimize the cost of transportation.

External Control System

Traffic movement is controlled or guided by an external or centralized authority.

Automated Control System

Provide automatic control of vehicle operation.

Traffic Signals

Assigning the right-of-way successively to the various traffic movement at an intersection.

Volume Density Control

An advance feature of traffic actuated signals that adjust green time based on the traffic volume and vehicle spacing.

Freeway Control Systems

designed to reduce traffic congestion and delays, provide fast response to incidents, and inform drivers about road conditions and hazards.

Incident detection and response

process of identifying unexpected events on the freeway, such as accidents, vehicle breakdowns, and sudden congestion.

Ramp Metering

traffic control strategy that regulates the flow of vehicle entering the freeway through the use of traffic signals on entrance ramps.