Attitude

a cognitive position based on a person’s knowledge, feelings, and experiences about someone or something influencing them to behave in a certain way about that person or thing.

Race

generally, refers to groups of people with common ancestry and physical characteristics.

Ethnicity

refers to shared culture and background. Members of an ethnic group usually have common ancestry and generally share language, religion, and other cultural patterns.

Ethnocentrism

the act of regarding one’s culture as the “center of the universe,” and hence as the basis for all comparisons with other cultures.

Prejudice

an adverse judgment or opinion formed on tradition, learned behavior passed down from one generation to another.

Culture

a way of thinking and acting based on tradition, learned behavior passed down from one generation to another.

Discrimination

acting on the basis of prejudice

Who is considered prejudice?

Prejudice is a universal ill.... all of us have some kind of prejudice. As we learn about other cultures and people who are different from us, we learn to judge them relative to the norms of our own cultural group.

What are the six functions of Prejudice?

1. Ethnocentrism 2. Stereotype and Categorical treatment 3. Scapegoat 4. Projection 5. Authoritarian personality 6. Societal strain

Ethnocentrism as a function of prejudice...

Provides a source of egotistic satisfaction, through comparing others with oneself.

Stereotype and categorical treatment as a function of prejudice...

affords a convient grouping for people of whom one is not knowledgeable. Lumping or grouping such people together under a popular stereotyped description saves time and provides a convenient grouping.

Scapegoat as a function of prejudice...

provides a convenient group or person to blame when things go wrong in one's personal life or in the community.

Projection as a function of prejudice...

provides an outlet for projecting one's tensions and frustrations onto other people.

Authoritarian personality as a function of prejudice...

symbolizes one's affiliation with a more dominant group.

Societal strain as a function of prejudice...

leads to justification for various types of discrimination that are considered to be of advantage to the dominant group.

What are the four basic feelings/attitudes harbored by most prejudiced persons?

1. superiority 2. othering 3. proprietary claims 4. fear

superiority in relation to prejudice....

self-assured feeling on the part of certain individuals that they are superior or better than others

othering in relation to prejudice...

feeling that the other group is alien or different which promotes the social exclusion of members of a particular group and blocks any acceptance of a person on individual mert.

proprietary claims in relation to prejudice...

as a member of the group, the individual believes he is entitled to exclusive or prior rights in a certain area

fear in relation to prejudice...

excites the emotions to the point of overshadowing rational judgment. One may believe that someone is trying to intrude and threaten the things that belong to them.

Forms of Prejudice

Racial/ethinc gender political affiliation authority figures sexual orientation religious age weight physically/mentally challenged

According to concepts about human relations from social scientists, The right to be free implies...

the right to be different

According to concepts about human relations from social scientists, every individual is entitled to....

equal rights and dignities. They are entitled to them by virtue of being human.

According to concepts about human relations from social scientists, democracy cannot work for some unless...

it works for all.

List the three functions of discrimination

1. tends to reinforce prejudice concerning the group's alleged inferiority 2. limits the other group's effectiveness in business, education, political office, etc.. 3. affords an avenue to economic exploitation of the group

The peace officer has an especially sensitive position regarding impartial enforcement for several reasons, one of which being...

officers often work alone and make decision demanding impartiality on their part with no one (but the citizen) present to witness fairness.

_____ is an adverse judgement or opinion formed beforehand or without knowledge of or examination of the facts; bias.

Prejudice

Key functions of discrimination are described as:

Reinforcing prejudice, limiting others' effectiveness, and encouraging economic exploitation

Peace officers are in a sensitive position regarding impartial law enforcement due, in large measure, to the fact that:

They often work alone

Finding someone else to blame for one’s own problems and misfortunes is known as ________________.

scapegoating

The act of stereotyping

affords a convenient grouping for people of whom one is ignorant

A person displays prejudice toward another person of a different race. This is an example of

discrimination

The attitude that one’s own culture or group is the “center of the universe” is called

ethnocentrism

The definition of profile is.

A set of characteristics, which we arbitrarily ascribe to human behavior or to a social situation, and by which we judge, evaluate, and categorize people, places, and things

An adverse consequence of insensitivity is

ineffective performance

A particular descent, including Caucasian, African, or Hispanic, is.

race or ethnicity

_____________ is a mental position based on a person’s knowledge, feelings and experiences about someone or something influencing him/her to behave in a certain way in regard to that person or thing.

attitude

_____ owes justification for various type of discrimination that are thought to be of advantage to the dominant group.

societal strain