What is the basic unit of life?
The Cell
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is the basic unit of life? | The Cell |
| Be able to list and describe the characteristics of life. | Organization: Cells → Tissues → Organs → Systems → Organism; Metabolism: Use energy to grow and function; Homeostasis: Maintain stable internal environment; Growth and Development: Increase in size or complexity; Reproduction: Produce offspring; Response to Stimuli: React to environment; Adaptation/Evolution: Traits change over generations |
| What is science? | A systematic approach to understanding the natural world through observation |
| Define hypothesis. | A testable |
| How do hypotheses differ from theories? | Hypothesis: Tentative explanation; narrow in scope.; Theory: Broad explanation supported by extensive evidence. |
| What are the steps of the scientific method? | Observation: Identify a phenomenon or problem; Question: Formulate a question based on observation; Hypothesis: Propose a testable explanation; Experiment: Test the hypothesis under controlled conditions; Data Collection: Record observations and measurements; Analysis: Interpret the results; Conclusion: Accept |
| What are the levels of organization of life? | Atom → Molecule → Organelle → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism → Population → Community → Ecosystem → Biosphere |
| Discuss harmful aspects of radioisotopes. | Can damage cells and DNA; May cause cancer |
| Discuss beneficial uses for radioisotopes. | Medical imaging |
| Why should you not say all chemicals are safe or that all chemicals are dangerous? | Toxicity depends on dose and context |
| Do humans need to do detox diets | No. The liver and kidneys naturally detoxify the body. |
| Can drinking too much water kill someone? | Yes |
| What do PET scans detect? | Imaging technique that uses radioisotopes to detect metabolic activity in the body.; Use: Detect cancer |
| Define cohesion. | Holding Hands; Attraction between molecules of the same substance. |
| Define and be able to apply the term base. | Substance that reduces H+ concentration; pH > 7. |
| What values on a pH scale are basic? | Acidic: 0–6 (more H⁺ ions); Neutral: 7 (pure water); Basic (alkaline): 8–14 (more OH⁻ ions) |
| Define base. | A substance that accepts H⁺ ions; pH > 7. |
| What pH is basic? | Above 7. |
| What are the major functions of lipids in the body? | Phospholipids (with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails forming the bilayer). |
| Therapeutic drugs primarily target which class of macromolecules? | Proteins |
| What is glycogen and what is it’s function? | A branched polysaccharide used for energy storage in animals. stored in liver and muscles. |
| A genetic mutation would impact what level(s) of protein structure? | Primary → which can also change secondary |
| What are enzymes classified as? | Proteins |
| What type of lipid is testosterone? | A steroid lipid. |
| What type of lipid is cholesterol? | A steroid lipid. |
| Anabolic steroids mimic which molecule? | Testosterone |
| How do the structures of saturated and unsaturated fats differ? | Saturated: No double bonds; straight chains; solid at room temp; tightly packed; Unsaturated: One or more double bonds; kinks in chains; liquid at room temp |
| What is the function of mitochondria? | ATP energy production (plants + animals) |
| What structures are unique to prokaryotic cells? | No nucleus; no membrane-bound organelles; nucleoid region. |
| What structures are unique to eukaryotes? | Nucleus, mitochondria, ER, Golgi, etc. |
| What structures to plant and animal cells have in common? | Nucleus, mitochondria, ER, ribosomes, cytoplasm, membrane. |
| How do animal and plant cells differ? | Plants: cell wall, chloroplasts, large vacuole. Animals: no cell wall, no chloroplasts, small vacuoles. |