When a hormone is present in excessive levels, the number of target-cell receptors may decrease. This is called _____.

down regulation

Which of the following is incorrect regarding glands?

Glands can only be endocrine or exocrine glands but never both.

One hormone opposing the action of another hormone is called a(n) _____ effect.

antagonistic

The part of the pancreas that produces hormones is also called _____.

pancreatic islets

Which hormone raises calcium levels in the blood?

parathyroid hormone

The anterior pituitary stimulates other endocrine organs by secreting a group of hormones called ______ hormones.

tropic

Most of the endocrine system regulates itself through a process called _____.

negative feedback

The acronym ACTH stands for ____.

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Which hormone allows for milk production in the breast?

prolactin

The hypothalamus produces steering hormones that regulate the _______.

anterior pituitary

Growth hormone is produced in the ______ to promote growth in the long bones and skeletal muscles.

anterior pituitary

Which hormone regulates metabolism?

thyroid hormone

Which hormone is released by the adrenal medulla?

epinephrine

Aldosterone ________.

controls blood salt and potassium levels

The pancreas releases _____.

insulin and glucagon

The gland responsible for the secretion of melatonin is:

pineal

The hormone that stimulates ovary follicle development and sperm cell production is:

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Which of the following glands needs iodine to function properly?

thyroid

ADH helps maintain proper water balance and blood pressure in the body. It is also called _____.

vasopressin

The hormones that can diffuse across cell membranes are the ____.

steroids

Insulin is produced by ____ cells while glucagon is produced by _____ cells in the Islets of Langerhans.

beta; alpha

Which of the following hormones is not secreted by the thyroid gland?

serotonin

Which of the following hormones stimulates milk letdown (aka milk ejection)?

oxytocin

True or False: Positive feedback mechanisms regulate most hormones.

False

Of the 2 hormones that regulate serum calcium levels, which one is the more important hormone?

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

What stimulates the release of PTH from the parathyroid gland?

Low levels of calcium ion in the blood.

True or False: Tropic hormones are anterior pituitary hormones that stimulate other endocrine organs to release their hormones.

True

The hormones secreted from the adrenal medulla:

have the same effect as the sympathetic nervous system

Which hormone is in charge of the body's water balance?

ADH

Which class of hormones have receptors on the plasma membrane?

water-soluble hormones

The hormone __________ is only released towards the end of pregnancy and stimulates milk production.

prolactin

Which hormone is the main mineralocorticoid?

aldosterone

_______ are chemical messengers that act on other cells within the same tissue.

Paracrines

If nerve fibers stimulate hormone release, it is a ________ stimulus.

neural

If hormones stimulate hormone release, it is a ________ stimulus.

hormonal

If changes in blood levels stimulate hormone release, it is a ________ stimulus.

humoral

Of the 2 hormones that regulate serum calcium levels, which one is the "more important" or active hormone in humans?

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

embedded in the posterior thyroid

In up-regulation, target cells form ______________ receptors in response to the hormone.

more

In down-regulation, target cells form ______________ receptors in response to the hormone.

less

True or False: Tropins are hormones that stimulate other endocrine organs to release their hormones.

True

All of the following are tropic hormones except for:

PTH

Which 2 hormones are produced by the pancreas?

insulin and glucagon

Which gland produces the body's major metabolic hormone?

thyroid

The hormones secreted from the adrenal medulla have the same effect as the...

sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight reaction!)

Name the hormones released from the adrenal medulla:

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Which class of hormones have receptors in their plasma membrane?

protein hormones (water-soluble)

Which hormone helps regulate our circadian rhythms?

melatonin

Mineralocorticoids are important for the regulation of the ______________ balance of our body.

salt (electrolyte)

___________ are chemical messengers that act on other cells within the same tissue.

paracrines