What are nutrients?

Nutrients are substances required by the body to perform its basic functions.

What are macronutrients?

Macronutrients are nutrients required in large amounts for energy and growth, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Macronutrients have calories.

What are micronutrients?

Micronutrients are nutrients required in smaller amounts but include the essential minerals and vitamins. Micronutrients have no calories.

How many calories per gram of carbs?

4

How many calories per gram of proteins?

4

How many calories per gram of fat?

9

What are the steps of the scientific method?

1. Ask a Question 2. Do Background Research 3. Construct a Hypothesis 4. Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment 5. Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion 6. Communicate Your Results

What is DRI's?

Dietary Reference Intakes

What are RDA'S?

Recommended Dietary Analysis and the recommended amount for most days

What are the 3 categories of regulations

1. Food 2. Drug 3. Natural Health Product (NHP)

What are the 2 enforcers?

1. Health canada (the boss) 2. the canadain food inspection agency

What are some rules of food and drug act 5.1?

1. Thou shall not be mislead or do harm 2> Enfourcable in a court of law

When did the Safe foods for canadians act and regulations come into effect?

2018

Basic Labelling Requirements

almost all prepackaged foods must contain a label - includes foodservice items - bulk containers - all labels must be in french and english of equal prominence

Percent Daily Values

Shows you if a serving size have little or a lot of nutrient (5% or less is a little, 15% or more is a lot) Also calculated based on reference values.

Mandatory Labelling Requirements. Net quantity:

- Min 1.6 mm but it increases with label size. - metric always required with imperial optional - must appear on the main panel

Manatory labelling Requirements. Ingredient statement:

- Applies to multi-ingredient food - Ingredients must be declared by their common names - New formatting requires: Sugars must be grouped together by weight and colors must be declared by name

Monosaccharides are?

glucose, frutose, galactose = 1 sugar

Disaccharides are?

sucrose , lactose, maltose (double sugars)

What are some functions of sugar in baking and cooking?

- Balances acidity - Browns Crust - Retains mositure - Affects texture, tenderizing - Contributes to rise of cakes, cookies, and quick breads - Incorporates air into the batter during creaming

True or False: Most nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine.

True

True or False: Nuts are a source of fat on canadas food guide

False

What is the polyphenol that is found in olive oil that causes the buring sensation in the throat? A) Triglyceride B) Oil canthal C) Aluminum D) None of the above

B

Whats the difference between whole grain and refined grains?

Whole grains: contains the whole kernal including the germ, bran and endosperm while refined grains are processed and it removes fibre, some minerals, vitimins ans phytochemicals

True or False: Shrimp contains more cholesterol than a pork chop

True

True or False: Canola and avocado oil are high in monounsaturated fats

True

What are the essential nutrients? A) They are nutrients that are made by the body B) They are nutrients that we need to get from food

B

What is lactose intolerance?

a missing enzyme to break down loactose

How many sections of the most recent version of Canada's Food Guide have carbohydrates? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

C, all of them (3)

True or False: The front of the package labels tell people if a product is high in trans fats, sodium, and sugar?

Flase, trans fats are banned in canada

What are some Complex Carbohydrates?

1. Glycogen 2. Starches 3. Fibre

_____ is the process when food is broken down into its components by the degestive system.

Digestion

What are carotenoids? A) Natural fat-soluble pigment produced by plants, algae, and fungi B) Pigments found in red, yellow, and orange veggies C) A fancy name for carrots D) A and B

D

whats the difference between soluble fibre and insoluble fibre?

Soluble fibre, partially digested by bacteria in the colon, helps with diarrhea and lowers cholesterol, while insoluble fibre is not digested by bacteria in the large intestine and helps with constipation, binds toxins, etc.

complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides)

Many glucose or maltose linked together. It should supply energy for the entire body and should be between 45-65% of your total calories.

True or False: Sugars are simple carbs

True

True or false: iron contains no calories

True

True or False: Chia seeds and fatty fish are excellent sources of omega-3 fatty acids

True

What is a keto diet

High fats low carbs

True or False: "Fordification" is a term for when nutrients are added to a food to prevent deficiencies

True

What are empty calories

Foods that contain energy but few nutrients

True or false: carbs have 4 calories per gram

true

True or False: meats and eggs are high in HDL cholestorol

False

True or False: Phytochemicals are a substance in a plant with benifits beyond vitamins?

True

True or False: If an item has 12% of DV iron, that would be concidered a lot.

False

What percent of organic ingredients does a product have to be labeled as organic? A) 98% B) 95% C) 90%

B

UL's of a vitamin or a mineral should be reached by what A) food only B) Mostly supplements and a few foods

B

indigestible carbs (resistant startch)

the structure of the grain prevents breakdown of the startch and it can occur naturally or be the result of cooking and processing.

True or false: Maltose is a disaccharide found in milk

False

True or false: protease breaks down the alcohol in the body

False the answer is alcohol dehyrogenase

True or false: 20-30% of calories should come from carbs

False, 45-65%