what did the mughal emperor grant the EEIC in 1717

he granted them a royal order that enabled the EEIC to conduct duty free trade in bengal and to issue dastaks [free passes for the movement of goods].

During which Nawab of Bengal's rule did the EEIC set up factories in Bengal

during the rule of Alivardi khan, grandfather of siraj-ud-daulah

How did the British refusal to pay tax lead to the Battle of Plassey

During Siraj-ud-Daulah's rule, he ordered the British to pay taxes. The British refused. So, the nawab's conflict with the British led to the 1757 battle.

how did the british's fortification lead to the battle of plassey

When the French established their settlement in Chandernagore, the british began to fortify Calcutta without permission. siraj-ud-daulah was enraged at this direct challenge to power. he asked the french and british to pull down their fortifications; the French agreed, but the British didn't.

capture of calcutta by siraj ud daulah

in 1756, siraj-ud-daulah marched to calcutta with intent to capture it, and soon captured fort william with the help of his large army. however, robert clive soon recaptured it.

why was the treaty of Alinagar signed

it was signed after the british reclaimed fort william. the treaty restored the british's trading rights and enabled them to fortify calcutta.

who was the formal subedar of Bengal

Mir Jafar

why did the british want a puppet ruler for bengal

so they could move forward with their expansionist plans. with help from Mir Jafar, they presented a set of unreasonable demands to the nawab.

where was the battle of plassey fought

near murshidabad.

when was it fought

in june of 1757, between the british force led by robert clive and about 50,000 men led by siraj-ud-daulah.

why did siraj-ud-daulah lose the battle

because a majority of the army was under the control of Mir Jafar, and they did not participate.

why did siraj-ud-daulah leave the battlefield

he left after the death of his army commissioner, mir madan

results of the battle

1. the british gained the undisputed right to trde in bengal, bihar & orissa. 2. the EEIC was given zamindari rights of 24 parganas. 3. Mir jafar was appointed as a puppet ruler, but was soon replaced by Mir Quasim.

importance of the battle

1. it paved way for establishment of british power in india. 2. the british got access to the resources from bengal, which they used to finance the 3rd carnatic war. 3. the british transforming from a trading company to a political power.

aftermath of the battle

1. after the battle, the EEIC constantly plundered the seemingly inexhaustible resources of bengal. 2. the directors of the EEIC ordered bengal to pay for the establishment of presidencies in bombay and madras

why did mir jafar seek help from the dutch

he realised it was not possible to keep up with the growing demands of the EEIC. so, he asked the dutch to intervene.

what happened between the british and dutch in chinsurah

The dutch sent forces, but the british defeated them at Chinsurah [dutch stronghold]

who was mir quasim

He was the son-in-law of Mir Jafar, and he replaced Mir Qasim as a puppet ruler for the British as the Nawab of Bengal.

mir quasim's reforms

1. he ordered french officials to train the army, and ensured it was always well-equipped and modern. 2. he removed duties on internal trade amongst Indians, which enraged the british.

why did mir quasim remove the duties to be paid in internal trade among indians?

So that the British could not misuse the duty-free trading rights they were given. However, this enraged the British as it affected their monopoly in trade and led to the Battle of Buxar [1764].

who did mir quasim form alliances with in the battle of buxar

He joined forces with Shuja-ud-Daulah and Shah Alam II.

who was Shuja-ud-Daulah

the nawab of Awadh

who was Shah Alam II

the Mughal emperor

results of the battle

1. Though 3 rulers joined forces, they were no match for the British and lost. 2. After the battle, the british because the absolute masters of Bengal. 3. The Treaty of A [1765] was signed between Shah Alam II and robert clive, and it gave the British the right to collect revenue in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. 4. Awadh became a buffer state. 5. the british agreed to protect the nawab of Awadh from external forces if he paid for the expenses of british troops.

diwani

the right to collect revenue from an area.

dastaks

free passes for the movement of goods.

what was the dual government in bengal

It was a system of governance set by the British from 1765-1772, in which actual administration and revenue collection were handled by the British. The nawab had to manage law and order and look after civil administration, for which he received very minimal revenue to run it.

drawbacks of the dual government system

1. the british had full control of military power, and could enjoy all priveleges of being a ruler without actual responsibility. 2. the nawab had to disband most of his army to allow british forces to take over. 3. the nawab had to overlook administration and handle law & order. 4. the british handled actual administration and collected revenue.

how did this system affect the people of bengal

1. It was clear the British only cared about amassing wealth, as they had left the people such less money, it led to the great famine of 1770, where more than a third of the population perished. 2. the officials who collected taxes grew more and more corrupt. 3. the people were extremely miserable.

why did the dual system end

1. the administrative system and economy of bengal declined. 2. the EEIC then took direct control of the administration

regulating act of 1773

it appointed warren hastings as the governor general of india. he also became the governor of bengal.

what has warren hatings done

he introduced various reforms and extended british territory beyond bengal. he is also credited with laying the foundation for british colonial rule in bengal and introduced an organised governing system in bengal.