mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells

loosely packed cells that give this part of the leaf a spongy appearance

phloem cells

carries food and glucose away from the leaf

air space

spaces in the leaf where gases move between cells

lower epidermal cells

transparent layer of cells on the bottom of the leaf that act like skin

upper epidermal cells

transparent layer of cells on the top of the leaf that act like skin

cuticle

waxy, waterproof layer that reduces loss of water from the leaf

stomata

small opening on the leaf surface

xylem cells

supplies water to the leaf

palisade cells

this layer is tighly packed and contains large numbers of chloroplasts; a large amount of photosynthesis occurs here

stem system

to provide stabilisation to the plant, and transport water and nutrients from the soil to the rest of the plant

leaf system

to undergo gas exchange and to control water regulation

root system

to stabilise the plant and provide water and nutrients for the plant

root hairs

to increase the surface area of the roots to provide more nutrients and water for the plant

chloroplast

supplies water to the leaf

guard cells

cells that change the size of the stomatal opening, allowing stomata to open and close

osmosis

the movement of water from a low salt concentration to an area with a high salt concentration

flower

to appeal to other animals to engage in pollination (sexual reproduction for flowers)

angiosperms

seed bearing plants that produce flowers

petals

a set of whorls that attract pollinators

sepals

to protect the bud, and the stamens and carpels

stamen

the male reproductive part of a flower, which consists of an anther. the top is called a stigma

anther

produces pollen grains for flower reproduction

carpel

the female reproductive part

style

the structure supporting the stigma

ovary

the base of a flower which has an ovary and ovules

stigma

a sticky surface at the top of the style wich captures pollen grains to reproduce