Three components of cell theory
basic unit of life
All living things are made from cells
All cells come from pre-existing cells
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Three components of cell theory | basic unit of life
All living things are made from cells
All cells come from pre-existing cells |
Prokaryotic cells | simple cell WITHOUT a nucleus or membrane bound organelle |
Eukaryotic cells | complex cell WITH a nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
Three differences of pro and eu | PRO LACK a nucleus
Eu are LARGER and more COMPLEX |
Discoveries using light microscope | Cells
Nuclei
Basic cell shapes
Cell division |
Discoveries using electron microscope | Organelles
Membranes
Ribosomes
Internal structures |
Nucleus | STORES DNA and CONTROLS cell activities |
structure helping nucleus | Nuclear MEMBRANE with PORES |
Mitochondria | produces ATP through RESPIRATION |
Structure helping mitochondria | folded INNER membrane INCREASES surface area |
Ribosomes | Builds proteins |
Structure helping ribosomes | Made of rRNA and protein |
Rough ER | modifies and TRANSPORTS proteins |
Structure helping rough ER | Ribosomes ATTACHED to its surface |
Smooth ER | Makes LIPIDS and detoxifies substances |
Structure helping smooth ER | Network of smooth membranes |
Lysosomes | BREAKING DOWN of waste using enzymes |
Structure helping lysosomes | THYLAKOID membranes with CHLOROPHYLL |
Cell membranes | CONTROLS MOVEMENT in and out of the cell |
Structure helping membrane | PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER with proteins |
Golgi bodies | Modify, PACKAGE and TRANSPORT proteins |
Structure helping Golgi | Stacked membrane sacs |
Chloroplasts | Carry out photosynthesis |
Structure helping chloroplasts | Thylakoid membranes with chlorophyll |
Cell wall | Provides structure and protection |
Structure helping cell wall | Cellulose fibres |
Three ways substances move | Diffusion
Osmosis
Active transport |
Proteins channels | Allows ions/small molecules to pass |
Diffusion | Movement from high to low concentration |
Facilitated Diffusion | Diffusion using protein channels |
Active Transport | Movement using ATP energy against gradient |
Why cells need active transport | To ABSORB NUTRIENTS and REMOVE WASTES against gradients |
Cholesterol | Stabilises membrane fluidity |
Glycoproteins | Cell recognition and communication |
Limitations of lolly model | Not accurate size
Lacks movement |
Strengths of lolly model | shows bilayer and components clearly |
Nucleus vs mitochondria | Nucleus central
Mitochondria scattered |
Chloroplasts vs ribosomes | Chloroplasts; large and few
Ribosomes; tiny and numerous |