INSERT, SELECT UPDATE, and DELETE.

The basic data manipulation commands are

INSERT INTO

adds new rows/records to a table

SELECT

retrieves values of all rows or a subset of rows in a table

DISTINCT

an operator used with SELECT to retrieve unique values from columns in a table

WHERE

an option used with SELECT to filter the rows of data based on provided criteria

IS NULL

an operator used with SELECT to determine whether a field is empty or not

LIKE

an operator used with WHERE to determine whether a value matches a given string pattern

IN

an operator used with WHERE to check whether a value matches any value within a given list

BETWEEN

an operator used with WHERE to check whether a value is within a range

ORDER BY

An option used with SELECT to sort retrieved values in ascending or descending order

UPDATE

modifies existing records in a table

DELETE

removes existing records in a table