Integral proteins

for transport

Peripheral proteins

receive and send chemical signals

Carbohydrates

attachment to surfaces or other cells (has GLYCOlipids and GLYCOprotins)

Glycolipids

carbohydrates attached to phospholipids

Glycoproteins

carbohydrates attached to integral proteins

Cholesterol

holds the membrane together while promoting flexibility

Solute

dissolved particles

Solvent

fluid/gas in which particles are dissolved

Simple Diffusion

(passive)-solute particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low

Hypertonic

describes a solution that possesses a higher solute concentration than another

Hypotonic

describes a solution that possesses a lower solute concentration than another

Isotonic

describes a solution that possesses an equal solute concentration to another

Osmosis

(passive) movement of water molecules from low solute concentration (high water concentration) to high solute concentration (low water concentration)

Crenation

shriveling of cell due to excessive water loss (animal cell)-hypertonic mixture

Plasmolysis

cell membrane pulls inwardly away from cell wall due to excessive water loss (plant cell)-hypertonic mixture

Lysis

bursting of cell membrane due to excessive water intake (animal cells) -hypotonic mixture

Turgid

swell of cell due to excessive water intake (plant cells favorite) -hypotonic mixture

Normal

No net movement or osmosis-water move in both directions (animals cells favorite) -isotonic mixture

Flaccid

No net movement or osmosis-water move in both directions (plant cells) -isotonic mixture

Facilitated Diffusion

(passive) large solute particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low through an integral protein.

channel proteins

-Facilitated Diffusion- proteins always open

carrier proteins

-Facilitated Diffusion-protein change shape

Passive Prosses

No ATP required -simple diffusion -osmosis -facilitated diffusion

Active Prosses

ATP(energy) required -active transport -endocytosis -exocytosis

Active Transport

(active) movement of solute particles from low solute concentration to high solute concentration through an integral protein

Proton Pumps

(active transport) Protons (hydrogen ions) are pumped out through a cell membrane-- Low to High concentration

Cotransport

(active transport is followed by) only pass through a cell membrane when accompanied by another solute

Endocytosis

(active) movement of solutes into a cell through the formation of vesicles 3 types: Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis

Phagocytosis

engulfment of large substances into a cell through vesicle formation "cellular eating" "nom nom" (endocytosis)

Pinocytosis

intake of small solutes and water through the formation of vesicles from invaginations that form along the cell membrane "cellular drinking" (endocytosis)

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

intake of specific solutes into a cell through vesicle formation (endocytosis)

Clathrin

protein that surrounds the vesical (receptor) in Receptor-mediated endocytosis surrounds the Y

Y

receptor surrounded by clathrin protein in receptor-mediated endocytosis

Triangle

the solute the Y collects specifically in receptor-mediated endocytosis

Exocytosis

movement of solutes out of a cell through the formation of vesicles (active)

Secretory vesicles

vesicles used in exocytosis, from the Golgi for the release of cellular waste out of a cell or of for cellular products that needed to be shipped to another location