Why did Zionism arise?
Jews wanted a homeland due to European antisemitism and nationalism.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Why did Zionism arise? | Jews wanted a homeland due to European antisemitism and nationalism. |
| Zionism & European imperialism? | Britain supported it to extend influence in the Middle East. |
| Nakba? | 1948 Palestinian displacement after Israel was created. |
| Cold War? | Global rivalry between the U.S. (capitalist) and USSR (communist). |
| Why did it start? | Ideological conflict and power struggle after WWII. |
| Main belligerents? | U.S. and allies vs. USSR and allies; fought for ideology and influence. |
| How fought? | Proxy wars, arms race, espionage, propaganda. |
| First, Second, Third Worlds? | First: U.S./allies; Second: USSR/allies; Third: non-aligned nations. |
| Why decolonization? | Europe weakened after WWII; colonies wanted independence. |
| Challenges after independence? | Political instability, economic problems, ethnic divisions. |
| How leaders addressed challenges? | Non-alignment, land reforms, education, industrial projects. |
| Bandung Conference? | 1955 meeting of Asian & African nations promoting non-alignment. |
| U.S. view of neutrality? | Rejected it; feared communist influence. |
| U.S. intervention in Third World? | Coups, aid, military support; shaped Cold War conflicts. |
| Suharto? | Indonesian general; led 1965 coup; killed communists; ruled authoritarian. |
| Legacies of U.S. anti-communism? | Supported dictators, caused instability in Third World. |
| Second wave decolonial leaders? | More radical, focused on socialism and wealth redistribution. |
| Sun Yat-sen? | Believed in nationalism, democracy, and economic welfare to save China. |
| Chinese Civil War belligerents? | KMT (Nationalists) vs. CCP (Communists). |
| Why CCP won? | Rural support, KMT corruption, guerrilla tactics. |
| Chinese Revolution 1950s? | Land reforms, collectivization, industrial plans. |
| Mao marginalized 1950s? | Great Leap Forward failed; millions died; party criticized him. |
| Cultural Revolution? | Mao tried to regain power, remove “capitalist” elements. |
| Initial phase? | Students (Red Guards) attacked old customs and officials. |
| Radical phase? | Violence, purges, chaos; caused by Mao’s power struggle. |
| Demobilized phase? | Red Guards disbanded; army restored order. |
| Deng Xiaoping? | Mao’s successor; started economic reforms; popular for raising living standards. |
| Passive revolution? | Top-down change without mass participation. |
| Anti-imperialism decline? | Economic crises; focus shifted to domestic issues. |
| Discourses replacing it? | Human rights, development, environment. |
| Iran’s “Century of Revolution”? | 1905–1979 struggles against monarchy and foreign control. |
| Shah unpopular / Iranian Revolution? | Authoritarian, corrupt, unequal; revolution overthrew him. |
| Khomeini’s government? | Islamic Republic based on Sharia; religion in politics. |
| Iran & world? | Anti-U.S., supported revolutionary movements, regional conflicts. |
| Golden Age end 1970s? | Oil shocks, inflation, economic problems. |
| U.S. & USSR response? | U.S.: neoliberal reforms; USSR: failed economic adjustments. |
| Cold War end / U.S. win / USSR collapse? | USSR weak, reforms failed, nationalist movements, U.S. economically stronger. |
| Collapse of Soviet bloc? | Ended Cold War, spread capitalism and democracy in Eastern Europe. |
| Globalization? | World more connected economically, culturally, politically; uneven benefits. |