Occupational safety and health

is a discipline with a broad scope involving three major fields Occupational Safety, Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene.

Occupational safety

deals with understanding the causes of accidents at work and ways to prevent unsafe act and unsafe conditions in any workplace.

Occupational health

is a broad concept which explains how the different hazards and risks at work may cause an illness and emphasizes that health programs are essential in controlling work related and/or occupational diseases.

Hazard

a source or situation with a potential to cause harm in terms of injury, ill health, damage to property, damage to the environment or a combination of these.

Risk

a combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event with specified period or in specified circumstances and the severity of injury or damage to the health of people, property, environment or any combination of these caused by the event.

SAFETY

Freedom from accident.

ACCIDENT

is usually the RESULT of a contact with a Source of Energy above the Threshold Limit of the Body or Structure.

• Unsafe acts

Hazardous Act (Human Factor)

• Unsafe Conditions

Hazardous Condition

Excavation

is always important part of the Construction Works & Mining, Excavation of Building & Bridge Foundations, Trenching for Buried Pipelines & Electrical Poles, Tunneling, etc.

TRENCH EXCAVATION

A narrow excavation where the depth of a trench is greater than its width, and the width measured at the bottom is not greater than 15 ft.

HAZARD IN EXCAVATION

Caused by Contact w/above & under Ground Pipes and Cables, by falls of equipment and person, by persons being struck by excavating equipment, and by hazardous atmosphere.

SLOPE

involves cutting back the trench wall at an angle inclined away from the excavation. Sloping requirements

Sloping requirements

- Workers shall not enter any excavation over 4 ft in depth unless the sides are sloped to a safe angle. No slop can be steeper than 3 ft. hor. to 4 ft. vertical

BENCHING

- protecting workers from cave-ins by excavating the sides of an excavation to form one or a series of horizontal levels or steps, usually with vertical or near vertical surfaces between levels.

SHORING

- Is a support system design to keep the side of an excavation in caving in. And should be installed from top down and removed from bottom up

Sheet Piling

is a form of driven piling using thin interlocking sheets of steel to obtain a continuous barrier in the ground.

Shielding

- means to protects workers by using trench boxes or other types of supports to prevent soil cave-ins

Heavy Equipment

- Any Machine with Engine or Electric Motor as Prime Mover, with minimum Operating Weight & Horsepower Rating of 1,000 Kilogram & 10 HP respectively.

o Dump Truck

 Used for hauling of excavated dirt & rocks

o Bulldozer

 Machinery for Leveling, Earth Moving & Clearing

o Excavator

 Used for excavation & loading work by an extendible working device & rotating function, while main body of the machine remains stationary.

o Backhoe Loaders

 Used to dig up hard, compact material, usually earth, or to lift heavy loads.

o Scrapers

 a wheel tractor-scraper is a piece of heavy equipment used for earthmoving

o Crawler Loader

 Used for Digging and Loading

o Motor Grader

 A Long Blade used to Create a Flat Surface during the grading process.

o Roller

 Compactor type vehicle used to compact soil, gravel, concrete or asphalt of roads and foundation

o Skid Steer Loader

 Small, rigid-frame, engine-powered machine with lift arms used to attach a wide variety of labor-saving tools or attachments

o Pneumatic Breaker

 machine-mounted demolition tool powered by compressed air, designed for breaking high-strength concrete, asphalt, rock, and pavement.

Blind Area

the area around the vehicle or piece of construction equipment that is not visible to the operator, either by direct line of sight or indirectly by use of internal and external

Mobile Crane

- consists of a steel truss or Telescopic Boom Mounted on a Mobile Platform, which could be a rail, wheeled, or even on a cat truck.

Telescopic Crane

- offer a boom that consists of a number of tubes fitted one inside of the other.

Rough Terrain Crane

- Mounted on an Undercarriage with Four Rubber Tires, designed for operations off road.

Truck Mounted Crane

- Outriggers that extend vertically or horizontally are used to level and stabilize the crane during hoisting.

Overhead Crane

- The Hoist is Set on a Trolley which will move in one direction along One or Two Beams, which move at angles to that direction along elevated or ground level tracks, often mounted along the side of an assembly area.

Harbour Crane

- It is mostly used in Sea Ports to Unload or Load the Ships.

Self Erecting Tower Crane

- Easily inserted on a site with Restricted Space in a short period of time.

Crawler Crane

- moves it self with the help of tracks which is also called crawlers.

Rail Road Crane

- used for the Construction of Railway lines, maintenance and for their repairing.

Aerial Crane

- They are used mostly in that places where reaching by land is difficult. And as all of you know that Helicopters fly which means they are capable of reaching any place

Luffing Crane

- for tall buildings on congested sites. They have a very short counterjib and a variable working radius, which permit high productivity in extremely narrow spaces.

Hammerhead Crane

- They are especially reliable forprecise, accurate handling of a wide variety of heavy materials.

Tower Crane

- a Vertical Metallic Structure having a Horizontal Boom that can Turn over an Angle up to 360°

Tower Crane Mast

- Metal lattice structure with a Normally Square Section, whose main mission is to provide the Tower Crane with Sufficient Height and Joined by Screws.

Tower Crane Jib

- Normally Triangular Section, whose main mission is to provide the Crane with the necessary Radius or Range

Tower Crane Counterweight

- Stabilize the Crane Against its Own Weight, the weight it can transfer and the adverse environmental conditions.

Tower Crane Trolley

- It consists of a Car that Moves along the Arrow through some lanes.

Tower Crane Hook & Cable

- The Lifting Cable is one of the Most Delicate parts of the crane and, to give an Adequate Performance, it must be used and Maintained Correctly.

Tower Crane Slewing Ring

- Drives the Rotational Movement of the Slewing unit (jib, counter-jib, cab, and tower top)

Operator Cabin

- The movement of the crane is Controlled from the Operator’s Cabin. Within the cabin you’ll find the Operator’s Chair with Joystick Controls, Electronic Monitoring Devices and Communication Systems

Shackles

- U-shaped piece of metal secured with a clevis pin or bolt across the opening, or a hinged metal loop secured with a quick-release locking pin mechanism.

a. Master Rings / Links

i. Load suspension eyes are connectors used between the lifting hook and the load to be lifted

b. Lifting Hook

i. is a device for grabbing and lifting loads by means of a device such as a hoist or crane.

c. Chain Sling

ii. Larger the lifting chain grade number, the stronger the rigging chain.

d. Eye Bolt

ii. They are used to firmly attach a securing eye to a structure, so that ropes or cables may then be tied to it

e. Vertical Hitch

i. One end of the sling is attached to the hook, while the other end is attached directly to the load.

f. Choker Hitch

i. The sling passes through one end around the load, while the other end is placed on the hook.

g. Double-Wrap Choker Hitch

i. Full 360° contact around the load can be achieved using a double wrap choker hitch.

h. Basket Hitch

i. The sling cradles the load while both eyes are attached overhead. More than one sling may be necessary to help ensure load control.

DEMOLITION

Complete or partial dismantling of a building or structure by pre

Sequential

gradual reduction of height in reverse order to its construction

Induced

Key structural members are weakened or removed, causing the whole part of the structure to collapse

• Manual

use of hand held tools

• Mechanical

use of heavy equipment, wires and chain, power shear, etc.

• Explosives

use of explosives

SAFETY INSPECTION

a reliable way for identifying, correcting and eliminating conditions and behaviors that could cause or contribute to injuries, illnesses and damages.

CONTINUOUS INSPECTION

inspection conducted as part of the workers job responsibilities in noting and correcting potential danger.

INTERVAL INSPECTION

A systematic process with specific Intervals and widely regarded as “real” safety and health inspection

EMERGENCY INSPECTION

An inspection focused on the components of machinery, equipment, materials, structures or areas likely to result in an immediate unwanted incident

SAFETY INSPECTION PROGRAM

An effective program begins with analysis and planning. Before instituting an inspection program, a number of questions should be answered

Seeing

Limited to the sense of sight. It is a physiological process essentially.

Observing

Is more of a psychological process. It means to consider carefully, to regard with attention so as to learn something. It means seeing with sufficient care to be able to give an account of conditions and behavior.

PPE

is equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards that cause serious workplace injuries and illnesses.

o Rule 1081

General Provisions.

o Rule 1082

Eye and Face Protection.

o Rule 1083

Respiratory Protection.

o Rule 1084

Head Protection.

o Rule 1085

Hand and Arm Protection.

o Rule 1086

Full Body Harness, Life Lines, and Safety Nets.

o Rule 1087

Safety Shoes.

Domino Theory

late H.W. Heinrich presented this accident sequence was likened to a row of dominoes knocking each other down in a row.

Job Hazard Analysis

effective method of reviewing the individual steps in performing a job and identifying workplace hazards in order to develop situations to eliminate or control hazards

Risk Assessment

A careful examination of what cause harm to people so that you can weigh up whether you have taken enough precautions or should more to prevent harm

Republic Act No.11058 and IRR Department Order 198-18

- An act strengthening compliance with occupational safety and health standards and providing penalties for violations

The employee’s compensation commission

provide compensation package to public and private employees or their dependents in the event of work-related sickness, injury or death.

SSS

Social Service Society

GSIS

Government Service Insurance System

Emergency

an unexpected occurrence or occasion requiring immediate action.

Safety Officer

to any employee or officer of the company trained by DOLE or DOLE

R.A. 11058

aims to strengthen the implementation of OSHS and providing penalties for every violation.