Aristotle’s distinctions: aristocracy ruled by the most __ in society- not the rich. representative democracy. For Aristotle, democracy had a negative connotation.

aristocracy ruled by the most capable in society.

the basic functions of government include the following: (1) __citizens, (2) providing public __ such as education, parks, roads, sanitation, and health (3) ensuring some degree of __ among its citizens.

(1) protecting (2) goods (3) equality

Monarchies—whereby a single sovereign exercised rule, power based upon heredity, but __ were established

LAWS AND RIGHTS

Absolute monarchies—whereby the sovereign ruled with absolute power and authority with __ defined laws or rights.

NO

Marxism, classless society in which goods would be __ by all people with the guidance of an authoritarian ruling party--communism.

shared

Totalitarianism, where the state controlled __ aspects of life, including the economic, political, social, and cultural spheres, and where any dissent was quickly punished.

all

a dictatorship, in which a __ person or small group exercises absolute power

single

This notion of groups having a profound impact on the political system is referred to as __ **

pluralism.

Alexis de Tocqueville contended that Americans were individualistic, hard-working, freedom-loving etc. he argued that these qualities formed a government that ___

reflected these values.

The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: congress cannot interfere with__

religion, free speech, press, or the right to assemble or petition

Locke's Second __ contains ideas most influential to the Declaration of Independence.

Treatise of Government

democracy: government in which power is retained by the people, but is exercised indirectly through a system of __

representation

Locke: philosopher, who wrote when the monarchy was being challenged in England before the __ in 1688 and during the__.

before the “Glorious Revolution”, and during the Enlightenment Period.

Locke (1632-__)

1704

Thomas Jefferson authored the Declaration of Independence in __ under the guidance of __ and John Adams.

1776, Benjamin Franklin

Locke believed that humans possessed inherent, ___. rights of people were bestowed by God. people are able to acquire wealth from their labor (private property). Believed in limited government and separation of powers

inalienable rights

Another Lockean theme that influenced Jefferson was the citizens consent __

to be governed

The government's obligation to its citizens is to exercise power, securing the life / liberty / property of the people. If government violates this contract, the people have the right to:

(1) change the government (2) leave society (3) revolt

The responsibilities and duties of government were: 1. provide __ application of laws 2. make laws for common __ 3. ensure low __ 4. ensure that government __ the people.

1. provide equal application of laws 2. make laws for common good 3. ensure low taxes 4. ensure that government represents the people.