Define Infiltration Permeable Impermeable

Infiltration - the process where water on the ground enters the soil Permeable - allows fluids to pass through them Impermeable - doesn't allow fluids through

Causes of flooding

excessive water accumulation, heavy or prolonged rainfall, rapid snowmelt, coastal storm surges, and failed infrastructure like dams

What is primary and secondary data, give examples related to infiltration field work

Primary data is information collected firsthand, while secondary data is information collected by someone else Primary data in infiltration - Soil Moisture Readings, Soil Texture Analysis Secondary data - Geological Maps, Satellite Imagery/GIS Maps

What is quantitative and qualitative data, give examples related to infiltration field work

quantitative - numerical qualitative - descriptive Quantitative - infiltration rates, soil moisture percentages Qualitative - soil colour, surface conditions

A flooding case study

Hebden Bridge Flooding (2015, December 26th) - caused by extreme rainfall, urbanisation reducing natural drainage, small river capacity, and extreme rainfall. 200+ homes flooded, 500+ businesses affected. Shows how small towns can be devastated be extreme weather

How rivers change from source to mouth

increasing in width, depth, velocity, and discharge

Key features of a drainage basin

Source: The starting point of a river, often located in upland or mountainous areas. Watershed: The boundary or edge of high land separating one drainage basin from another. Tributary: A small stream or river that joins a larger main river. Confluence: The specific point where two rivers or streams meet. Main Channel: The primary path or route where the river flows. Mouth: The end point of a river, where it empties into a larger body of water like a sea or lake

Formation of waterfalls diagram

This: