who was hyder ali
he was the ruler of mysore and he was an excellent administrator, diplomat, and intelligent general
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
who was hyder ali | he was the ruler of mysore and he was an excellent administrator, diplomat, and intelligent general |
who were hyder ali's rivals | the marathas and nizams of hyderabad. |
how were these rivalries advantageous to the EEIC | The EEIC took advantage of these rivalries to annex Mysore. There were 4 wars between Hyder Ali and the EEIC. |
when was the first anglo-mysore war fought | from 1767-1769 |
what happened in this war | The British formed alliances with both the Marathas and the Nizams of Hyderabad against Hyder Ali. However, Hyder Ali was such a great diplomat that he won over the Marathas and the nizams. |
who won the war | Hyder ali won |
when was the second anglo-mysore war fought | 1780-1784 |
Mahé | a french port |
why was it fought | The British had occupied Mahé and prevented the merchants from trading with Europe. This infuriated Hyder Ali, and he declared war on the British. |
what happened in this war | the marathas withdrew their alliance with hyder ali, as they had signed the treaty of salbai in 1782. |
what happened when hyder ali was defeated | when hyder ali was defeated at porto novo, his son tipu sultan continued the war. |
what treaty was signed after this war | the treaty of Mangalore was signed in 1784. |
travancore | it was an important supplier of pepper, and an ally of the british. |
when did tipu sultan invade travancore | in 1789 |
when was the second anglo-mysore war fought | 1790-1792 |
why was it fought | It was fought because Tipu Sultan invaded Travancore. It was fought between the British, in alliance with the Marathas and the Nizams of Hyderabad, and Tipu Sultan. |
which treaty ended this war | the treaty of Seringapatam [1792] |
who won | the british |
when was the fourth anglo-mysore war fought | 1798-1799 |
why was it fought | because tipu sultan wanted to avenge his loss of the previous war, and also because he had refused to be a part of the subsidiary alliance introduced by lord wellesley. |
what were the results of the war | 1. Tipu Sultan was killed in 1799 while defending his capital.
2. Half the kingdom was divided between the British and the Nizam of Hyderabad, and the other half was given to the previous Raja of Mysore, from whom Hyder Ali had seized power.
3. The kingdom now stretched from Malabar to the coromandel coast. |
why were the anglo-maratha wars fought | When the Maratha Peshwa Narayan Rao was murdered in 1773, a war of succession broke out between the supporters of the infant son of the deceased Peshwa, Madhav Rao II, and Raghunath Rao. |
when was the first anglo maratha war fought | 1775-1782 |
raghoba | raghunath rao's other name |
the first anglo-maratha war | Raghunath Rao appealed to the British for assistance in the matter of the throne's heir. The British agreed on the condition that they would receive Salsette and Bassein. The infant Madhav Rao II was under the governance of Nana Phadnavis, who led the Marathas to success. |
which treaty ended this war | the treaty of Salbai [1782] |
when was the second anglo-maratha war fought | 1803-1805 |
who was the peshwa after the death of madhav rao II in 1796 | baji rao II |
Why was there internal conflict and strife between the Marathas at the time of Baji Rao II's rule | Baji Rao II was a weak and inefficient ruler, and to worsen matters, Nana Phadnavis died, leading to chaos between the Maratha chiefs. The Marathas fought hard to establish their influence at Poona. |
why was the second anglo-maratha war fought | In 1802, the Maratha faction led by the Holkars defeated the forces of Baji Rao II and the Scindias, forcing the Peshwa to sign a subsidiary alliance to retain his throne.
Wellesley mistakenly believed that since the normal head had signed, he could impose his policies on the other chiefs as well. |
who fought the war | The Scindias and the Bhonsles fought the British in 1803. However, the British won, and the Scindias and Bhonsles were forced to accept the subsidiary alliance. |
when was the third anglo-maratha war fought | 1817-1818 |
why was it fought | it was fought because peshwa baji rao II wanted to free himself from the control of the british despite signing the subsidiary alliance. |
who did baji rao II form alliance with in this war | He allied with the Holkars and Bhonsles. |
where did baji rao along with the holkars and bhonsles attack | They attacked the British residency at Kirkee, but their forces were defeated by the British. |
results of the third anglo-maratha war | 1. The reign of the Peshwas came to an end.
2. Baji Rao II was overthrown and exiled to Bithur.
3. The Bhonsles and Holkars ceded large portions of their territory to the British and signed the subsidiary alliance.
4. All Maratha territories were annexed.
5. The Marathas were no longer viewed as threats.
6. A descendant of Shivaji was placed on the throne of Satara. |
why were the anglo-sikh wars fought | Under Maharaja Ranjit Singh's rule, the sikh empire grew very powerful, worrying the British. Then, in 1809, they signed a treaty with Ranjit Singh called the Treaty of Amritsar, in which the River Sutlej formed the boundary between the British territory and the sikh territory, and it could not be crossed by either party. After Ranjit Singh died in 1839, the administrative system set up by him completely broke down, and the sikh army took over administration. The British took advantage of this instability and fought 2 wars of annexation. |
when was the first anglo-sikh war fought | 1845-1846 |
why was it fought | it was fought when the sikhs violated the treaty of amritsar. |
who won | The British, led by lord Hardinge [British Governor-General], defeated the sikh army and signed the Treaty of Lahore |
when was the second anglo-sikh war fought | 1848-1849 |
why was it fought | after the first anglo-sikh war, the british had a tremendous amount of control over the sikhs, which caused some resentment and led to a number of revolts. soon, the british governor general, lord dalhousie, declared war on the sikhs and crushed the army [already reduced in nummber due to treaty of lahore]. soon, punjab was annexed to the british empire in 1849. |
results of the war | 1. punjab was annexed by the british in 1849
2. ranjit singh's son dalip singh was sent to england and was given a pension
3. british officers took over the command of the sikh army |
the subsidiary alliance | it was system created by lord wellesley to expand the britsh territory. if an indain ruler felt threatened or insecure in any way, the british would give them protection from external forces if they entered into the subsidiary alliance. in return, the kind would have to follow some terms set by the british. |
who were the first to enter the subsidiary alliance | the nizams of hyderabad were the first to sign the subsidiary alliance with the british. |
clauses of the subsidiary alliance | 1. the king would have to allow troops of british soldiers to be stationed permanently
2. the king had to pay for the maintenance of these troops.
3. the king could not enter into any alliance without consent from the british
4. the king could not employ any non-british europeans in his service or dismiss any who were there.
5. it was compulsory for the king to house a british redient in his court.
6. the king had to acknowledge the dominion of the british |
lord dalhousie | he was the british governor-general from 1848-1856. he introduced two measures to help british expansion in india |
doctrine of lapse | if a ruler died without a biological male heir, the throne would be passed to the british. |
where was it applied | it was applied to satara, jhansi, and nagpur. |
annexation of awadh on grounds of maladministration | lord dalhousie believed that the ruler of Awadh, Wajid Ali Shah, was an incompetent ruler, though he followed the terms of the subsidiary alliance very closely. In fact, this administrative failure was mainly due to the operation of the subsidiary alliance. Hence, in 1856, lord dalhousie annexed Awadh. |
what is the reason for the success of the british | the lack of unity between the indian states made it easy for the British to take over. The military and financial resources of the EEIC also helped the British in their colonial expansion. |