What are fungi?
Eukaryotic heterotrophs that absorb nutrients
they use hydraulic enzymes to digest compounds
1/24
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What are fungi? | Eukaryotic heterotrophs that absorb nutrients they use hydraulic enzymes to digest compounds |
| Diverse roles | Decomposers Parasites Mutualists |
| Decomposers | Break down the nonliving |
| Parasites | take nutrients from living host |
| Mutualist | absorbing nutrients from host but also provide water |
| Fungal Body Structure | multicellular filaments single cell yeasts |
| multicellular fungi | form networks of tiny filaments called hyphae |
| hyphae | consist of tubular cell walls called chitin hyphae form branched networks called mycelia which adapt for absorption |
| Chitin | prevents the cell wall from bursting |
| mycelia | increase surface area for absorption |
| Mycorrhizal | mutually benefiting relationship between fungi and plant roots Fungi supplies water Plant provides nutrients Ex. Ectomycorrhizal and Arbuscular mycorrhizal |
| Reproduction | produce spores sexually and asexually |
| spore | seeds for fungi carried long distances germinate and form new mycelia |
| Sexual life cycle | Plasmogamy --> Heterokaryotic stage --> karyogamy --> meiosis --> produce haploid spores |
| Plasmogamy | cytoplasmic fusion |
| Karyogamy | nuclear fusion |
| Mucoromycetes | Include fast growing molds and mutualistic fungi (mycorrhizae) Typical life cycle: Rhizopus stolonifer |
| Rhizopus stolonifer | asexual reproduction mycelia form sporangia that produce identical haploid spores sexual reproduction neighboring mycelia form a zygosporangium: Karyogamy and meiosis occur |
| Ascomycetes | sac fungi - produce sac like asci (found in fruiting bodes called ascocarps) during sexual reproduction Ex. Bakers yeast, truffles. morels |
| fruiting bodies | visible portion of the fungi |
| Basidiomycetes | club fungi - produce basidiospores on a club shaped basidium (found on fruiting body called basidiocarps) Ex, puffballs, mushrooms, shelf fungi |
| Lichens | symbiotic associations between photosynthetic microorganisms (green algae or cyanobacteria) - fungus provides shelter and water - algae provide nutrients |
| 3 main types of lichen | fruticose foliose crustose |
| Parasites in humans | ringworm athletes foot yeast infection |