Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory — Personality comes from unconscious drives + childhood experiences. Ex: Lashing out now for an old wound.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory — Personality comes from unconscious drives + childhood experiences. Ex: Lashing out now for an old wound. | |
| Levels of Awareness (Iceberg) — | |
| Conscious: current thoughts | |
| Preconscious: memories you can recall | |
| Unconscious: hidden desires/fears. | |
| Ex: You don’t know why you’re angry → it’s buried deep. | |
| Id — Instincts + impulses. Wants pleasure now. Ex: “Eat the cake, who cares!” | |
| Ego — Reality checker. Balances id + superego. Ex: “Wait till after dinner.” | |
| Superego — Moral voice. Guilt + conscience. Ex: “You shouldn’t eat that.” | |
| Pleasure Principle — Id’s rule = instant gratification. Ex: Toddler tantrum energy.* | |
| Reality Principle — Ego’s rule = delayed gratification. Ex: Work first, fun later.* | |
| Psychosexual Stages — Oral → Anal → Phallic → Latency → Genital. Conflicts early = adult quirks. Ex: Strict potty training → control freak.* | |
| Defense Mechanisms — Ego’s tricks to protect from anxiety. | |
| Repression (bury it) | |
| Projection (blame others) | |
| Denial (refuse it) | |
| Ex: Mad at your partner but say “you’re mad at me!”* | |
| Pathology — Study of what’s wrong (mental illness, dysfunction). Ex: Anxiety, trauma, depression.* | |
| Humanistic Approach — Focus on free will + growth. You’re more than your past. Ex: “I can choose who I become.”* | |
| Maslow’s Hierarchy — Needs: | |
| 1️⃣ Physiological | |
| 2️⃣ Safety | |
| 3️⃣ Love/belonging | |
| 4️⃣ Esteem | |
| 5️⃣ Self-actualization | |
| Meet lower first, then grow. Ex: Pay rent before finding purpose.* | |
| Self-Actualization — Becoming your best self; creative, real, fulfilled. Ex: Flow state painting or deep love moment.* | |
| Peak Experience — Intense joy/presence doing what you love. Ex: Sunset awe, music chills.* | |
| Carl Rogers (Humanistic) — Growth needs self-acceptance + unconditional positive regard. Ex: Feeling safe to be real.* | |
| Social-Cognitive Theory — Mix of thoughts + environment. We learn by watching + thinking. Ex: You copy calm conflict styles you’ve seen.* | |
| Bandura – Observational Learning — Learn by watching others. Ex: See a friend stay cool, try it yourself.* | |
| Reciprocal Determinism (Bandura) — Behavior, thoughts, and environment influence each other. Ex: Expect rejection → act distant → get rejected.* | |
| Self-Efficacy (Bandura) — Belief you can handle life. Ex: “I can talk calmly” → you actually do.* | |
| Locus of Control (Rotter) — | |
| Internal: “I shape my life.” | |
| External: “Life happens to me.” | |
| Ex: “I can study harder” vs. “The teacher’s unfair.”* | |
| Trait Theory — Personality = stable traits on a spectrum. Ex: Everyone has some introversion/extraversion.* | |
| Factor Analysis — Stats tool to find trait clusters. Ex: “Friendly + outgoing” → Extraversion.* | |
| Allport & Odbert — Found 18k personality words → 200 clusters. Foundation work. | |
| Cattell – 16PF — 16 core traits from data. Ex: Personality test with 16 factors.* | |
| Eysenck’s 3 Factors — | |
| 1️⃣ Extraversion ↔ Introversion | |
| 2️⃣ Neuroticism ↔ Stability | |
| 3️⃣ Psychoticism ↔ Impulse control | |
| Extraversion (Eysenck) — Outgoing, needs stimulation. Ex: Party starter.* | |
| Introversion — Quiet, overstimulated easily. Ex: Needs alone time to recharge.* | |
| Neuroticism — Anxious, reactive. Ex: Overthinks texts.* | |
| Emotional Stability — Calm, steady. Ex: “It’ll be fine.”* | |
| Psychoticism / Disinhibition — Impulsive, low empathy. Ex: Says harsh truths, road rage.* | |
| Biological Basis (Eysenck) — | |
| Extraversion = brain arousal (reticular formation) | |
| Neuroticism = limbic system reactivity | |
| Psychoticism = testosterone + low MAO | |
| General Factor of Personality (GFP) — “Good vs. difficult” overall personality; social effectiveness. (Controversial.) | |
| Personality Inventories — Objective tests (Big Five, MMPI). Ex: “I enjoy social events.”* | |
| Projective Tests — Reveal unconscious (Inkblot, TAT). Ex: What story do you see in this picture?* | |
| Adler – Inferiority Feeling — Everyone starts “small”; inferiority drives growth. Ex: Feeling less → pushing to improve.* | |
| Compensation (Adler) — Turning weakness into strength. Ex: Shy kid becomes amazing listener.* | |
| Striving for Superiority — Healthy goal to grow + contribute. Ex: “I’ll be the best version of me.”* | |
| Inferiority Complex — Stuck in “I’m not enough.” Ex: Jealous, defensive behavior.* | |
| Gemeinschaftsgefühl (Adler) — Social interest; caring for others = true fulfillment. Ex: Healing through helping.* | |
| Neville Goddard Parallel — Assumptions create reality. Ex: Believe you’re loved → act loved → attract love.* | |
| Pathology vs. Growth — Freud studied illness; humanists study potential. Ex: “What’s broken?” vs. “What’s possible?”* |