Ballon framing

Wall studs run from the foundation to the roof, spaces between studs spread fire faster, required less skilled buidlers

Platfrom framing

Universal standards for wood light frame construction on a lightweight frame used today, wall studs are separated by floor joists

Platform framing order

Found wall constructed, then first floor platform, then first floor walls, then second floor platform, then second floor walls. Platfrom-wall-paltform-wall

Platform framing advantages

Easier to handle the lumber for the walls because they are smaller, provides natural fire blocking, a and a working surface for carpenters

Platform framing disadvantages

Each platform has a thick layer of wood with horizontally running grains, which leads to larger vertical shrinkage as moisture dries from the wood which can cause stress in the finishes

Platfrom frame

Made of Nomial 2" members(1.5" in thickness), spaces 16" to 24" walls are framed with vertical studs and are connected top and bottom by horizontal plates, cellings are framed with joist

Repetitive joist

Used to fram floor or rood or ceilings connected at ends by rim borards or band joist

Sloped roofs

Framed by sloped rafter and wrist borards at the peak

Seating

Every floor, wall, and roor are seated

Most common celling members

Plywood or OSB panel

Residential basement foundation

Excavation to the necessary depth, at least below the frost line. Cast-in-place strip foundations (wall/isolated footing) are placed. Then, cast-in-place concrete foundation walls are cast on top of the footing. The concrete walls are 8" to 16" thick and 8' to 10' tall

Foundation walls

Can be of concrete machinery blocks, and two coats of parging or plaster are applied to help damp-proof the wall, and an asphaltic damp-proofing compound is applied after the second coat on the outer side of the wall

Foundation wall section

Anchor bolts cast into top of wall used to attach the foundation seal plate top and bottom of foundation wall has steel reinforcing, hooked bars, water prooding is appiled to outside of wall protection board or draingage mat outside of fonudation wall to protect resisant coating from damnging

Hooked bars

Longitudinal reinforcing bar at the bottom that connects the footing to the foundation wall and strengthens the footing

Coating and draings board

Conducts groundwater toward the bottom of the wall and the perimeter drains, perfroated drain pipe is surroned by crossed stone which is provided through out the perimeter of the wall to conduct ground water away from the foundation

Filter fabrics

are placed around crossed gravular stone to prevent gradual siting of gravel and drain pipe

When does back filling start

Only after the first floor platform is erected and can brace the wall aginst laterl soil pressure and slab on grade may be delayed untill structure is closed in

what protect the slab on grade

Should be protected from moisture in the ground by a heavy plastic paper vaper retarders