Objective

Observation that is without bias

Subjective

Observation with a bias (Science seeks to minimize this)

Hypothesis vs Theory/Law

Hypothesis: an explanation based on data and evidence available Theory/Law: an explanation that has A LOT of data and evidence to support it. (for example, plate tectonics)

Meterologica

Proposed by Aristotle, he believed that earth's surface was subject to change, but at a slow rate, too slow for humans to visibly witness.

Catastophism

George Cuvier said that short, sudden events lead to the fast formation of mountains and oceans, occurring faster than they do today. Ex. A global flood James Ussher - earth formation was on 4004 BCE October 23rd, 9am

Uniformitarianism

Geological events occur at the same rate now as they did in the past *James Hutton and Charles Lyell

Compositional Layers

Core: Mostly iron & nickel (size of moon) Mantle: Mostly Oxygen, magnesium, silicon and iron Crust: Mostly oxygen and Silicon

Mechanical Layers

Inner core - solid Outer core - Liquid and moving Mesosphere - Solid and rigid Asthenosphere: Solid and plastic (moves very slowly) Lithosphere - Solid, rigid and brittle

Igneous Rocks

made from freezing of lava or magma

Sedimentary Rocks

Made of preexisting rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

made from preexisting rocks due to heat and pressure