carbon
can form 4 covalent bonds
Creates long chains and ring structures
Forms the backbone of all organic molecules
Versatile bonding allows for molecular diversity.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| carbon | can form 4 covalent bonds Creates long chains and ring structures Forms the backbone of all organic molecules Versatile bonding allows for molecular diversity. |
| Carbohydrates | are sugars, or long chains of sugars. An important role is to store energy. Short-term energy storage. Structural component of cell membrane. Primary energy source of energy for the body Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O) (1:2:1 ratio) Energy Value: 4 kilocalories per gram. |
| proteins | Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N) 4 kilocalories per gram Transport molecules in and out of the cell. Control the speed of chemical reactions. (enzymes) Used for growth and repair of body tissues. Contributes to immunity and fighting diseases. Provides structural support in the form of hair and nails. |
| lipids | Long term energy-storage. Insulates your body. Makes up most of our cell membranes. Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O) 9 kilocalories per gram (most energy-dense!) |
| nucleic acids | Transfers genetic information (RNA). Holds the instructions to make proteins (DNA) Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) |
| Monosaccharides | are the monomers of carbohydrates. also, simple sugar |
| Disaccharides | 2 monosaccharides examples are sucrose, lactose, and maltose |
| polysaccharides | 10 or more monosaccharide units which form complex sugars. examples are starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin. |
| amino acids | The monomers of proteins. there are 20 different types of amino acids. |
| polypeptide | the combination of amino acids forming a protein. |
| fatty acids | the monomer of lipids. |
| Nucleotides | the monomers of nucleic acids |
| DNA | A polymer of nucleic acids that holds the instructions to make proteins. |
| RNA | A polymer of nucleic acids that transfers genetic information |
| Purines | Adenine and Guanine |
| Pyrimidines | Thymine and Cytosine |
| Purines and Pyrimidines | are the 2 types of nitrogen bases in a nucleotide which make up to 4 different nucleotides. |
| Dehydration Synthesis | The process of combination of two molecules with the elimination of water molecules |
| Hydrolysis | is a process in which macromolecules are split into monomers by adding water. |