Colonial period
1607-1776
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Colonial period | 1607-1776 |
| England practiced what in the colonies | mercantilism |
| Colonists provided what for the mother country | raw materials |
| What were the colonists not allowed to build | war ships |
| what were the colonists allowed to build | merchant ships |
| What was the type of merchant ship the colonists would build | Brigantines |
| AKA Virginia Built ships | Schooners |
| Where was the ideal place for shipbuilding during the colonial time period | New England |
| Why was New England the primary place for shipbuilding during the colonial time period | they had lots of resources, land gently sloped down to the water, supported fishing fleets and commerce |
| Where was the big commercial center for trade during the colonial time period | Boston |
| How successful was the colonist's navy during the revolution | They were not successful except from the assistance of the French fleet |
| What were the exceptions for the colonist's navy not being successful during the revolution | John Paul Jones led hit and run operations against the British merchants (not as successful against the British navy), and Benedict Arnold had shipwrights build three small galleys and eight flat bottomed gunboats and fought in the battle of Valcour Island in Lake Champlain where they technically lost to the British but delayed the British until the following spring |
| What happened to the colonists navy after the revolution | it was disbanded because they didn't want it because it was very expensive and they believed someone would try to take over the government and try to make the navy oppress the colonists |
| How many frigates did congress authorize the construction of | six |
| why did congress authorize the construction of these six frigates | to protect their trading routes and their ships that were trading |
| what were the names of the first six frigates of the US navy | USS Constitution, USS Constellation, USS Congress, USS Chesapeake, USS United States, and USS President |
| What were these frigates like compared to other frigates | They were bigger with more guns while still being able to maintain speed |
| What did the colonists find made repairing ships easier | graving docks |
| Robert Fulton | built first successful steamboat named the North River Steamboat AKA Clermont. USS Fulton named after Robert Fulton was finished after the war of 1812 |
| SS Savannah | sailing ship fitted with steam engine and side paddle wheels made it to England in 26 days |
| Great Western | Designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel,72 meters long, steam powered with sails, wooden hull with some iron framework, traveled from England to New York in 15 days. |
| USS Princeton | US navy's first screw prop ship designed by John Ericsson |
| John Elder | developed high pressure marine compound marine engine in 1850, it was more efficient, and used less fuel |
| Charles A. Parsons | invented the steam turbine in 1884, was the first marine application in the experimental ship Turbinia in 1894 |
| Stephen Mallory | Confederacy secretary of the navy |
| Transition from wood to ironclad | Ironclads had been around for a while. Battle at Hampton Roads basically made every wooden warship obsolete. |
| Ironclads in the civil war | Stephen Mallory believed that they could break the Union blockade by building ironclads, so they built the CSS Virginia. Took a long time to build and gave the Union time to build their own ironclad, the Monitor which was designed by John Ericsson. |
| CSS Virginia was built from the remains of what ship | USS Merrimack |
| Battle of Hampton Roads | Virginia and Monitor battle. Said to be a tie but the Union blockade held. Demonstration that ironclads were far superior than wooden warships. considered the end of the wooden warship era. |
| Post civil war shipbuilding | Deemphasis on naval shipbuilding until 1880's when the US starts developing a modern fleet. |
| USS Maine | armored cruiser that exploded at Havana harbor and caused the Spanish American war |
| Battle of Santiago | Americans annihilated the Spanish fleet. Cemented as the premier naval power in the western hemisphere. Led to explosion in battleship building and later on the great white fleet. |
| Great White Fleet | 16 battleships that went around the world. |
| Coal to Oil | Oil is just much cleaner, easier to store, more stable, eliminated the job of stoker, |
| Effects of WWI | Not much going on from a US naval perspective other than escorting troop convoys and merchant convoys. |
| Washington Naval Conference | After the war. Results in deescalation in naval shipbuilding. Limits the size and numbers of warships that each country could possess which results in a naval shipbuilding depression that preceded the great depression. |
| Two Ocean Navy Act | cosponsored by Carl Vincent. He was a congressman who believed that we needed to have a fleet to fight in the Atlantic and a fleet to fight in the pacific at the same time. This act called for a 70% increase in the size of the navy. |
| Liberty Ships | Big during WWII. Able to build one in just a little more than 40 days. Carried materials and people to the battle zones and provided logistic support. |
| Henry Keizer | The man behind the liberty ships |
| Higgins boats | designed by Andrew Higgins in New Orleans. Took troops from ships and landed them on the beach. Also big in WWII, and was involved in lots of amphibious warfare. 23,000 made during the war. Eisenhower said they were key to the allied victory. |
| concrete ships | Only built 24. Used as shops, not used as front line ships. Also used in WWII. |
| Eugene Ely | Demonstrated that it was possible to take off from and land on a ship. Showed that aircraft can have relevance to the navy. |
| Billy Mitchell | After WWI he demonstrated that an aircraft could sink a ship. |
| USS Langley | First United States aircraft carrier was converted from a coal ship. |
| USS Ranger | Fourth United States aircraft carrier. Named after John Paul Jones ship. Built in 1930 in Newport News. |
| USS Holland | First modern submarine that the navy bought |
| submarines | Germans developed submarines and America used submarines to great effect in WWII in the pacific. |
| Battles of Coral Sea and Midway | validated that naval airpower was now the predominant naval weapon. In both battles, ships never came within visual sight of each other and fought using all aircraft. |
| Admiral Hyman Rickover | led the way in nuclear power research |
| USS Nautilus | first nuclear-powered submarine/ship in the US navy. Didn't require any input of air and didn't exhaust any toxic fumes allowing it to stay submerged for lengthy periods of time. Led to nuclear powered escorts being built. |
| USS Enterprise | Built at NNS. First nuclear-powered aircraft carrier. Combined with nuclear-powered escorts to go around the world as Task Force 1 in operation Sea Orbit. Showed the flexibility of nuclear-powered aircraft carriers. Didn't have to refuel. |
| President Eisenhower's Adams for Peace Program | Tried to take some of the fear out of nuclear power. 1953. |
| Malcom Mclean | Trucker who came up with the idea using container ships to cut down on the time that cargo ships had to stay in port. Revolutionized how cargo is carried by ships today. |
| NS Savannah | First nuclear-powered merchant ship in the US navy or merchant marine. |
| David Taylor | Naval architect that came up with the idea of the bulbus bow. |
| Stephen Decatur | Destroyed the USS Philadelphia after it had been captured by pirates. |
| USS Nemitz | First of the big class of carriers. Built 10 of them and were all built at NNS. |