Standard Model of Communication

Holistic attempt to account for the major attributes that are at work in most communication interactions.

Sender

Person or institution that initiate a communication interaction

Message

Form of symbolic representation that contains information or an inquiry from the sender to another party.

Channels

Diverse forms and media in which messages travel

Receiver

Person or institutions for which the sender prepares a message from whom the sender expects a response

Encoding

Work that a sender does to a message to put it into a format appropriate from communication in a particular situation

Decoding

Work receivers do to translate the speakers encoding into a format they can interpret and understand.

Feedback

Verbal and nonverbal signals a receiver provides a sender in the course of communication

Noise

Anything that interferes with the successful transmission of a message.

Intrapersonal

Communication with yourself

Interpersonal

Communication with two or three other people

Mass

Communication through media, to many

Group

Communication to a team or group, typically with the same goal

Organizational

Communication that takes place within large institutions and their members

Public

Communication that takes place between a speaker and an audience

Minor Goals

Small targeted tasks that the speaker hopes to achieve over the course of a speech in order to improve it's effectiveness.

Primary Goals

Single, focused, overarching achievements the speaker hopes to attain with their audience by the end of the speech in order to be successful

Persuade

Encourage the audience to think about an issue or see the world in a way advocated by the speaker

Thesis statement

Single, declarative sentence in which the speaker makes the central, overarching argument of their entire speech

Free expression

An exercise of the human right to share ideas and opinions with others without interference from governments or other forms of authority

Free Speech Exceptions

Few circumstances in which the U.S does not protect the right to free expression

Incitement

Speech that advocates the use of force in a lawless and immediate way

Defamation

A knowingly false statement made in public that harms the reputation of another person or entity

Slander

Defamation that occurs in speech

Libel

Defamation that occurs in print or visual media

Hate Speech

Speech that offends, threatens, or insults groups, based on race, color, religion, national orientation, disability, or other traits.