One-off Manufacturing
Suitable in contexts where a client requires a unique product
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| One-off Manufacturing | Suitable in contexts where a client requires a unique product |
| Low-Volume Production | When a small number of products are made identically, usually for niche or uncertain markets |
| High-Volume Production | Fast automated production of thousands or millions of identical items |
| Continuous Production | Occurs 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Suitable where there is a great need for products |
| Lean Management | Aims to improve the manufacturing process, reduce costs, and reduce waste |
| Lean Manufacturing Methods | 1. Catering to actual demand 2. Using low-volume production 3. Being efficient and organised 4. Cell production |
| Flexible and Responsive Manufacturing | When manufacturers are flexible enough to change the production process without major complications |
| Sustainability Frameworks | - Social - Economics - Environmental |
| Social | Refers to how people are affected |
| Economics | About the need to make a profit but not with unfair or predatory business practices |
| Environmental | Considers how animals and plant life are affected |
| Sustainability Strategies | - 6R's - Circular Economy - C2C - Design for Disassembly - Extended Producer Responsibility - Life cycle analysis - Triple Bottom Line |
| 6R's | - Rethink - Refuse - Reduce - Reuse - Recycle - Repair |
| Circular Economy | Concept that reimagines the traditional linear model of "Take, Make, Dispose" -Preserve Nature - Reduce Waste and Pollution - Circulate Products |
| Cradle-to-Cradle | A recycling plan for when a product reaches the end of its life and aims to reuse the materials |
| Design for Disassembly | Focuses on easy and non-destructive dismantling at the end of a products life |
| Extended Producer Responsibility | When the people involved with the product have a shared responsibility over the environmental impact. They select materials that can be reused/ recycled or safe instructions for disposal |
| Lifecycle Analysis/Assessment | Carefully looking at the impact a product has over the course of its life 1. Obtaining Raw Material 2. Processing it 3. Manufacturing Products 4. Transport and Distribution 5. Product Use 6. Product Disposal |
| Triple Bottom Line | - People - Planet - Profit |
| People | Focuses on the social impact of products and considers how it affects individuals and communities |
| Planet | Involves using sustainable materials, reducing energy consumption, and adopting eco-friendly manufacturing processes |
| Profit | It recognises that financial success should not come at the expense of people and the planet |
| Planned Obsolescence (PO) | When a product is designed to be unusable after a period - Functional Obsolescence - Technical Obsolescence - Style Obsolescence |
| Functional Obsolescence | When a low-quality process is used deliberately so that the product breaks down quickly |
| Technical Obsolescence | When new technologies become present and surpass the technology of an existing product |
| Style Obsolescence | When there is a changing nature of trends and the product is no longer used |
| Benefits of (PO) | -Customers can access cheap and easy to replace products - Producers experience an economic benefit |
| Issues of (PO) | - Products don't last long - Some products are made so they can't be prepared |
| Technologies | - AI - Automation - Computer Aided Design - Computer Aided Manufacturing - Computer Numerical Control - Laser Technology - 3D Prototyping - Robotics |
| AI | Capable of doing an inhuman amount of work rapidly |
| Automation | Reduces human errors and increases the overall efficiency |
| CAD | Uses technology to create designs |
| CAM | Uses digital information from CAD designs and transfers it to manufacturing systems |
| CNC | Uses computing programming to automate and precisely control the movement of machine tools |
| Laser Technology | Laser technology uses monochromatic light, it can cut materials easily and is safer than alternative cutting methods that have been used in the past |
| 3D Prototyping | When a program can construct a 3D prototype quickly and efficiently |
| Robotics | Can perform tasks accurately and with high levels of precision |
| Mycelium | The root like structure of fungi, can be used to mimic wood, leather and foam, providing a sustainable alternative |
| Composite Metals | Involves combining two or more different metals, or combining a metal with another material like polymer or ceramic |
| Bamboo | A rapidly renewable resource and has remarkable strength and durability |
| Double Diamond | - Investigating and Defining - Generating and Designing, Producing and Implementing |
| Divergent Thinking (First Diamond) | Get a wider perspective and uncover new opportunities that we wouldn't otherwise consider with a linear approach |
| Convergent Thinking (First Diamond) | Start to narrow and refine ideas, crucial for framing the design need/opportunity |
| Design Brief | A written statement outlining the context of a design problem and its requirements, and the constraints and considerations |
| Design Brief Essentials | 1. Functional and aesthetic factors 2. Material requirements 3. Quality standards 4. Due date 5. Budget 6. Any other relevant product design factors |
| Constraint | an aspect of the design that are absolute and can't be changed |
| Consideration | Things to be thought about but not necessarily included |
| Evaluation Criteria | Provide a way to assess how well the requirements from the design brief have been met |
| Drawing Systems | - Visualizations - Design Options - Working Drawings |
| Visualizations | Concept sketches or drawings that are possible design solutions to your problem |
| Design Options | These drawings must be professionally done and have meaningful annotations relating to the design brief |
| Working Drawings | Like blueprints to the product, they have all the individual specifications that are required |
| Design Elements | - Shape - Texture - Tone - Colour - Opacity - Line - Form |
| Design Principles | - Balance - Repetition - Movement - Rhythm - Proportion - Symmetry - Positive/negative space - Contrast |
| Market Research Methods | - Quantitative - Qualitative |
| Quantitative | Focuses on numerical responses |
| Qualitative | Focuses on descriptive information |
| Primary Sources | When a designer conducts the research themselves |
| Secondary Sources | Come from researching information that has already been published by others |
| Design Thinking | Used to make improvements on existing products and/or make new and innovative products |
| Creative Thinking | Involves using mind maps and brainstorming to explore ideas |
| Critical Thinking | Focuses on selecting the best idea through a range of criteria |
| Ethical Research Methods | - Interviews and surveys - Observation - Ask for feedback on products - Evaluate anthropometric data |
| Research and Development | Scientific and technical research that explores and improves materials, manufacturing systems and mechanisms |
| Risk Management | When hazards are identified and the possible harm they could inflict, and the likelihood of that occurring |
| Production Plan | A document with detailed steps that need to be taken to construct the final product |
| Quality | Means how well a product meets the needs, wants, and functions of the end user, factors that contribute - Materials - Design - Aesthetics - Finishes - Construction |
| Speculative Design Thinking | A creative approach that encourages us to envision potential futures and explore alternative realities through design |