Static condition in which no changes occur in the macroscopic properties of a system with time

equilibrium

Condition when a boiling liquid mixture produces a vapor of exactly the same composition as it evaporates

azeotrope

An enthalpy-entropy diagram is also call this

Mollier diagram

The third law of thermodynamics specifies this property as zero for perfect crystalline substances at absolute zero temperature

entropy

A constant volume process is also called this

isochoric process

This chart contains the dry bulb temperature, the humidity ratio, the wet bulb temperature, relative humidity, saturation temperature, and the enthalpy of dry air

psychrometric chart

This is equal to H – TS

Gibbs Free Energy (G)

This factor is used to account for deviations from ideal behavior in a liquid mixture of chemical substances

activity coefficient

This law states that as the temperature approaches 0 K, the entropy of the system approaches a minimum value

third law of thermodynamics

This is the most common engine cycle that does not use a spark

diesel engine

The transfer of energy from one object to a cooler object

heat

This is given by the following P = RT/(V-b) + a/V^2

Van der Waal’s Equation of State

The temperature at which a vapor mixture begins to condense at a fixed pressure

Dew Point Temperature

This is given by (dT/dP)_H

Joule-Thomson Coefficient

A cycle which consists of the following steps: adiabatic/isobaric/adiabatic/isochoric

Diesel Cycle

This parameter is given by -(dG/dT)_P

Entropy (S)

This parameter is given by U – TS

Helmholtz Free Energy (A)

A variable that is independent of the path between two states

state variable

This is given by the following: F = 2 – π + N

Gibb’s Phase Rule

A cycle which consists of the following steps: Adiabatic/isochoric/adiabatic/isochoric

Otto cycle

The measure of disorder in a system

entropy

The molecules of an ideal gas are assumed to have no volume or ______

intermolecular interactions

The most efficient engine

Carnot engine

This number of intrinsic properties needed to be determined to fully specify a two-phase single component system

1

This law states that in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases

Dalton’s Law

Cp – Cv equals this for an ideal gas

R

This, according to the Gibbs’ Phase Rule, is the degrees of freedom for pure liquid water (1 phase)

2

This is point “P” on the following representation of LLE data (P is located on the half sphere in the triangle)

Plait Point

The temperature at which the first bubble of vapor is formed when heating a liquid at a fixed pressure

bubble point temperature

This is given by the following: PV = a + bP + cP2 + ...

Virial Equation of State

A cycle that consists of the following steps: adiabatic/isothermal/adiabatic/isothermal

Carnot Cycle

A process in which volume is held constant

Isochoric Process

This is given by (1/V)(∂V/∂T)p

volume expansivity (β)

This equation, which follows directly from the Gibbs-Duhem equation of a binary system, is given by the following dP/dy1 = P(y1 - x1) / y1(1 - y1)

coexistence equation

A cycle which consists of the following steps: isothermal/isochoric/ isothermal /isochoric

Stirling cycle

This law is an expression of the fact that the enthalpy of a chemical process is independent of the path taken

Hess’s law

Name of this equation: ln(Psat) = A – B/(T+C)

Antoine’s Equation

This branch of thermodynamics applies microscopic analysis based on probability to evaluate macroscopic properties

statistical thermodynamics

This equation of state is given by the following equation P = (RT/(V - b)) - (a/(V^2 + 2bV - b^2))

Peng-Robinson Equation of State

A set of equations derived by application of Euler’s reciprocity relation to the thermodynamic characteristic functions

Maxwell Equations

Parameter given by 1/V(dV/dP)_T

compressibility (κ)