Untitled Studyset
Created by dij
What is classification
Classification is the process of grouping organisms based on shared characteristics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What is classification | Classification is the process of grouping organisms based on shared characteristics |
What are the main classification groups | Animals,microorganisms,bacteria,plants,fungi |
What is an adaptation | A feature that helps an organism survive and reproduce |
Name three types of adaptations | Structural, behavioural, and functional adaptations |
What factors affect population size | Food supply, predators, disease, and competition |
What happens if resources become limited | Population size usually decreases |
What is biodiversity | The variety of living organisms in an ecosystem |
Why is biodiversity important | It keeps ecosystems stable and healthy |
Name one way to protect endangered species | Conservation programs or protected habitats |
What is a quadrat used for | Estimating population size of plants or slow-moving organisms |
What is a transect | A line used to study changes across a habitat |
What is biological control | Using living organisms to reduce pest populations |
Give one example of biological control | Ladybirds used to control aphids |
What is an alien species | A species introduced to a new environment |
Why can alien species be harmful | They may outcompete native species |
Where is genetic information stored | In DNA inside the nucleus |
What is a gene | A section of DNA that controls a characteristic |
What are the two main types of cell division | Mitosis and meiosis |
Which type produces sex cells | Meiosis |
What is mitosis | Cell division producing identical cells |
What causes cancer | Uncontrolled mitosis |
What are stem cells | Cells that can develop into different cell types |
Where are stem cells found | Embryos and some adult tissues |
What does DNA stand for | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
What is DNA’s function | Carrying genetic information |
What is genetic profiling | Identifying individuals using DNA patterns |
What is genetic profiling used for | Crime investigations and paternity tests |
What are chromosomes | Structures made of DNA carrying genes |
What is an allele | A different form of a gene |
What is genetics | The study of inheritance |
What is a phenotype | The physical expression of a trait |
What is a Punnett square used for | Predicting inheritance outcomes |
What does genotype mean | The genetic makeup of an organism |
Which chromosomes determine sex | X and Y chromosomes |
What chromosome combination produces a male | XY |
What are genetically modified crops | Crops with altered DNA |
Give one advantage of GM crops | Increased resistance to pests |
What is variation | Differences between individuals of the same species |
What causes variation | Genetic and environmental factors |
Which type of reproduction creates more variation | Sexual reproduction |
Why does sexual reproduction create more variation | Because genes from two parents combine |
What is a mutation | A change in DNA sequence |
Can mutations be beneficial | Yes, some improve survival |
How can mutations affect proteins | They can change amino acid sequences |
What is an inherited disease | A disease passed through genes |
Give one example of an inherited disease | Cystic fibrosis,huntingtons disease |
What is gene therapy | Replacing faulty genes with healthy ones |
What is evolution | Gradual change in species over time |
What drives evolution | Natural selection |
What is the function of the nervous system | Detecting and responding to stimuli |
What is a reflex action | A rapid automatic response |
Why are reflexes important | They protect the body from harm |
List the parts of a reflex arc | Receptor, sensory neuron, relay neuron, motor neuron, effector |
What is the function of the retina | Detecting light |
What controls the amount of light entering the eye | The iris |
What is homeostasis | Maintaining stable internal conditions |
What hormone controls blood glucose | Insulin |
What is diabetes | A condition affecting blood sugar regulation |
What is negative feedback | A process reversing a change to maintain balance |
What are the functions of skin | Protection, temperature control, and sensation |
What is a lifestyle disease | A disease linked to daily habits |
Give one example of a lifestyle disease | Heart disease |
What is phototropism | Plant growth toward light |
What is osmoregulation | Controlling water and salt balance |
What is the main function of kidneys | Filtering blood |
What treatment replaces kidney function | Dialysis |
What is transplantation | Replacing a damaged organ with a healthy one |
What conditions do bacteria need to grow | Warmth, nutrients, and moisture |
Who discovered penicillin | Alexander Fleming
|
What are communicable diseases | Diseases that can spread between organisms |
How does the body defend against infection | Skin, white blood cells, and antibodies |
What do antibodies do | Destroy pathogens |
What is immunity | Resistance to disease |
How do vaccines work | They stimulate antibody production |
What do antibiotics treat | Bacterial infections |
Name two factors affecting health | Diet and exercise |
Why are clinical trials important | To test safety and effectiveness |
What are monoclonal antibodies | Identical antibodies produced in a laboratory |
What are monoclonal antibodies used for | Disease testing and treatments |
What are pathogens? | Pathogens are tiny organisms that can cause disease |