articular cartiledge

dense, white, connective tissue that covers the articulating surfaces of bones at joints

bone marrow

material with rich blood supply found withing the marrow cavity of lone bones, yellow marrow stores fat & red marrow is active in producing blood cells

cortical bone

dense, solid bone that covers the outer surface of all bones and is the main form of tissue in the long bones.

diaphysis

the shaft of a long bone.

endosteum

membrane lining the medullary cavity

epiphyseal plate

growth plate near the ends of long bones where osteoblast activity increases bone length.

epiphysis

the bulbous end of a long bone.

haversian canals

major passage ways running in the directive of the length of long bones

haversian system

a single haversian canal along with itś multiple canaliculi, which branch out to join with lacunae, forming a comprehensive transportation matrix for supply of nutrients and removal of waste

hematopoesis

process of blood cell formation

lacunae

tiny cavities laid out in concentric circles around the haversain canals

meduallary cavity

central hallow in long bones

ossification

process of bone formation

osetoblasts

specialized bone cells that builds new bone tissue

osetoclasts

specialized bone cells that absorb bone tissue

osetocytes

mature bone cells

oseton

a haversain system

perforating canals

large canals that connects the haversian canals

periosteum

fiberous connective tissue membrane that surrounds and protects the shaft of long bones.

remodeling

process at which adult bone can change in density, strength, and sometimes shape

trabecular bone

interior, spongy bone with a porous, honeycomb structure.

atlas

first cervical vertebra; specialized to provide the connection between the occupital bone to the skull and spinal column

axial skeleton

central, stable portion of the skeletal system, consisting the skill, spinal column, and thoracic cage

axis

the second cervical veritilora, specialized with an upward projection called the odontoid process, on which the atlas rotates

cervical region

first seven vertebrae, comprising the neck

coccyx

four fused vertebrae at the base of the spine forming the tailbone

cranium

fused, flat bonds surrounding the back of head

facial bones

bones in the face

frontanel

openings in the infant skull through which a babys pulse can be felt, these openings enabble compression of the skull during birth and brain growth.

intervertebral discs

fibrocartilaginous cushions between vertebral bodies that allow bending of the spine and help to create the normal spinals curves

lumbar region

low back region of the spine composed of 5 vertebrae

mandible

jawbone

maxillary bones

2 fused bones that form the upper jay, house upper teeth, and connect all of the outer bones of the face, exception of mandible

process

an outgrowth or projection on a bone or other body tissue

sacrum

5 fused vertebrae that form the posterior of all the pelvic gridle

skull

part of skeleton composed of all bones of the head

sternum

breastbone

sutures

joints in which irregularly grooved articulating bone sheets join closely and tightly connected by fiberous tissues

thoracic cage

bony structure surrounding heart and lungs in the thoracic cavity

thoracic region

the 12 vertebrae in the middle of the back

vertebrae

the bones making up the spinal column

vomer

play-shaped bone that comprises most of the bony nasal septum

appendicular skeleton

bones of the bodys appendages, arms and legs

carpal bones

bones of the wrist

clavicle

double curved long bone that forms part of the shoulder griddle, the collarbone

femour

thigh bone

fibulla

bone on lower leg does not bear weight

humerous

major bone on upper arm

lower extremity

bones of the hips,legs, and feet.

metacarpal bones

the 5 interior bones of the hand connecting the carpals in the wrist to the phalanges in the fingers.

patella

kneecap

pectoral gridle

bones surrounding the shoulder; including the clavicle and scapula

pelvis

bones of the pelvic griddle & the coccyx at the base of the spine

phalanges

bones of the fingers

radius

smaller of the 2 bones in the forearm; rotates around ulna.

scapula

shoulder blade

tarsal bones

bones of the ankle

tibia

major weight bearing bone of lower leg

ulna

larger bone of lower arm

upper extrmeity

bones of the shoulders, arms and hands

amphioar throsis

joint type that permits only slight motions

articular fibrocartiledge

tissue shaped like a disc or partial disc called a meniscus that provides cushioning at a joint

ball and socket joint

synovial join formed between one bone end shaped roughly like a ball and the recieving bone shaped like a socket

bursae

small capsules line with synovial membranes and filled with synovial fluid; they cushion the structures they separate

condyloid joint

type of diathrosis in which one articulates bone surface is in a oval, convex shape, and the other is shaped concave surface

diathrosis

freely moveable joints, known as the synovial joints

hinge joints

type of diathrosis that allows only kinge like movements in forward and backward directions

guilding joint

type of diathrosis that allows only sliding motion of the aritulating bones

ligaments

bonds composed of collagen and elastic fibers that connect bones to other hands

pivot joint

permits rotation around only one axis

saddle joint

bone surfaces are both shaped like the seat of riding saddle.

symphysis

type of joint in which a thin plate of hyaline cartilage seprates a disc of fibrocartiledge form the bones

synarthrosis

fiberous joint that can absorb shock, but permits little or no movement of the articulating bones

synchrondrosis

type of amphiathrosis joint in which the articulating bones are held together by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage

syndesmosis

joint at which dense, fibrous tissue bind the bones together, permitting extremely limited movement.

synovial join

a diathrodial joint

tendon

tissue band composed of collagen and elastic fibers that connects a muscle to a bone

tendon shealths

double-layered synovial structures surrounding tendons subject to friction given their position close to bones