Alger Hiss

A former State Department official who was accused of being a Communist spy and was convicted of perjury. The case was prosecuted by Richard Nixon.

Arthur Miller

Author of The Crucible - spoke out against anti-Communism hysteria

Arms race

Cold war competition between the U.S. and Soviet Union to build up their respective armed forces and weapons - led to increased jobs, federal spending and education reform

Berlin Airlift

airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of West Berlin when the Soviets blockaded land access to Berlin to starve out the city - Power struggle

Cold War causes

Each sought to spread their government - power struggle - differing perspectives on motives from each side

Containment

American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world - led to increased military spending - debate over the US role in foreign affairs

Cuban Missile Crisis

The 1962 confrontation between US and the Soviet Union over Soviet missiles in Cuba.

Dwight Eisenhower (1953-1961)

Party: Republican Major Events: Ended Korean War; Maintained peaceful coexistence with USSR - Eisenhower Doctrine (the US would intervene in the Middle East if threatened)

George Kennan

American advisor who pushed for preparedness and increased military spending

Harry Truman

President of the US - known for the Berlin Airlift, containment, rebuilding of Japan, Truman Doctrine

Hungary

Example of the failure of the containment policy - Hungary tried to rebel against communism and we did not get involved to avoid a 'hot' war

Iron Curtain

Winston Churchill's term for the Cold War division between the Soviet-dominated East and the U.S.-dominated West - symbolic representation of our distrust of the USSR

Joseph McCarthy

1950s; Wisconsin senator claimed to have list of communists in American gov't - no credible evidence - took advantage of fears of communism post WWII - eventually asked for evidence after accusing the army and was disgraced when he couldn't provide any

Korean War

The conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea. The United Nations (led by the United States) helped South Korea - 1950-1953 - attempt at containment to restore freedom to South Korea

Marshall Plan

A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Western Europe (1948-1952) - led to a debate over who was eligible for aid (former Axis powers eligible)

McCarthyism

The term associated with Senator Joseph McCarthy who led the search for communists in America during the early 1950s Red Scare - made people scared and encouraged conformity - law/liberty debate

McCarran Internal Security Act

1950 - Required Communists to register and prohibited them from working for the government - act to investigate 'disloyalty' in government

Military Industrial Complex

The close association of the federal government, the military, and defense industries - increased military spending

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries - departure from US isolationism - peacetime military alliance based on collective security

NCS-68

Proposed increasing national defense spending significantly during the Truman administration as a way to combat the spread of Communism.

Rebuilding of Germany and Japan

German was divided into zones and then divided into Communist East Germany and Democratic West Germany (Berlin was divided in the same way) - Japan was rebuilt and a constitutional democracy was put in place (US ally in the Pacific)

Red Scare

Intense fear of communism and other politically radical ideas - 1950s

Rosenbergs

Couple executed for giving military secrets to the Soviets in the 1950's

Satellite Nations

A country that is dominated politically and economically by the Soviet Union - Eastern Europe

Space race

A competition of space exploration between the United States and Soviet Union (us vs. them mentality) - concern over space relation to the arms race - increased military spending - change towards science and math education

Sputnik

First artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. It led to the creation of NASA and the space race - demonstrates the struggle for superiority

Truman Doctrine

1947, President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology - mainly helped Greece and Turkey to secure the Mediterranean and Black Sea

United Nations

An international organization formed after WWII to promote international peace, security, and cooperation - based off of the League of Nations and the Atlantic Charter - push to prevent another world war

Warsaw Pact

An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations - This was in response to the NATO - divided Europe along iron curtain lines