anatomical position
body erect stance, head facing forward, arms at side of trunk with palms facing forward, legs together with feet pointing forward
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
anatomical position | body erect stance, head facing forward, arms at side of trunk with palms facing forward, legs together with feet pointing forward |
Axial skeleton | Head, neck, trunk |
Appendicular skeleton | parts of your limbs(arms, fingers, legs, ect) |
proximal | closer to the attachment site |
distal | further from the attachment site |
superior (crainial) | closer to the head |
inferior (caudal) | further from the head |
medial | Closer to the midline of the body |
lateral | further from the midline of the body |
anterior(ventral) | front of the body |
posterior(dorsal) | back of the body |
Superficial | closer to the surface of the body |
Deep | farther from the surface of the body |
plantar | bottom of the foot |
Dorsal | top of the foot |
Ipsilateral | segment located on the same side as a particular reference point |
Contralateral | segment located on the opposite side as a particular reference point |
zero position | reference point of a structure when it's at 0 degrees |
Sagittal plane | bisects the body into left and right; associated with forward and backward movements of segments
|
Frontal plane | bisects the body into front and back; associated with side-to-side movements of segments
|
Transverse | bisects the body into top and bottom associated with rotational movements of segments
|
Segments | deals with the axial and appendicular skeleton |
Axis
| a line that passes perpendicularly through a plane |
sagittal plane axis | mediolateral axis |
frontal plane axis | anteroposterior axis |
transverse plane axis | longitudinal axis |
Glenohumeral | shoulder |
scapulothoracic | scapula |
ulnohumeral | elbow |
radioulnar | forearm |
acetabulofemoral | hip |
tibofemoral | knee |
Talocrural & Subtalar | Ankle Joint Complex |
sagittal plane glenohumeral motions | flexion/extension |
frontal plane glenohumeral motions | abduction/adduction |
transverse plane glenohumeral motions | internal/external rotation; horizontal abduction/adduction |
sagittal plane scapulothoracic motions | none |
frontal plane scapulothoracic motions | elevation/depression; upward/downward rotation |
transverse plane scapulothoracic motions | protraction/retraction |
sagittal plane ulnohumeral motions | flexion/extension |
transverse plane radioulnar motions | pronation/supination |
sagittal plane acetabulofemoral motions | flexion/extension |
frontal plane acetabulofemoral motions | abduction/adduction |
transverse plane acetabulofemoral motions | internal/external rotation; horizontal abduction/adduction |
sagittal plane tibiofemoral motions | flexion/extension |
transverse plane tibiofemoral motions | internal/external rotation |
frontal plane talocrural & Subtalar motions | inversion/eversion |
sagittal plane talocrural & Subtalar motions | dorsiflexion/plantar flexion |
transverse plane talocrural & Subtalar motions | internal/external rotation |