Despite never having been to the New World, De Bry produced popular engravings of the "cannibals" of this modern-day country biting the legs off their enemies. In the 19th century, this country gained independence from Portugal.

Brazil

De Bry illustrated scenes from A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies, a text by this Spanish friar who argued for native rights against Juan de Sepúlveda in the Valladolid ("BUY-ah-doh-leed") debate.

(Bartolome de) Las Casas

De Bry's illustrations contributed to a "legend" described by this adjective that held that the Spanish colonial empire was unique in its atrocities.

black (legend)

The winner of the presidential election was this daughter of South Korea's former military ruler Chung-hee, who was assassinated in 1979.

Park (Geun-hye)

Park is part of this ruling conservative party that was previously known as the Grand National Party until a February 2012 name-change.

New Frontier Party

This empire would conquer nearby tribes to gain sacrifice victims during its Flower Wars. Identify this empire that would invade nearby neighbors at the behest of leaders like Montezuma.

Aztec

One of the Aztec army's greatest weapons was the atlatl, a weapon that would basically throw these things. Their heads would be made out of obsidian.

Spears

Most Aztec art that depicts soldiers show them using this preferred weapon of choice, which had a thick obsidian blade. It was either considered a sword or a bludgeoning club that was useful in decapitating horses

macuahuitl

This country experienced the Killing Time after rebels issued the Sanquhar Declaration in response to a monarch's renunciation of the Treaty of Breda. Name this country where Covenanters led by the Earl of Argyll fought off the imposition of episcopacy.

Scotland

While king of Scotland, this monarch attempted to integrate the Church of Scotland with Anglican episcopacy in his Five Articles of Perth. This first Stuart king of England also authorized an English translation of the Bible

James the 1st or (6th of scotland)

This theologian ushered in the Scottish Reformation by writing the Scots Confession. He attacked female rulers in his pamphlet The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women.

John (Knox)

The reporter Mortimer Thomson traveled incognito to cover the largest one of these events in US history, which occurred in Savannah in 1859 and was known as the "weeping time". Identify these events, frequent occurrences in the cities of Norfolk and New Orleans. The Exchange and Provost building was the site of these events in Charleston.

slave auctions

The aforementioned 1859 slave auction came about following this man's divorce from the actress Fanny Kemble. This man's grandfather of the same name introduced the Fugitive Slave Clause into the draft of the Constitution and served as South Carolina's first senator.

Pierce Butler

The night prior to the Butler slave auction, two enslaved people named Dembo and Frances got a minister to perform this action to ensure they weren't sold to separate owners. Masters often encouraged this practice to reduce the likelihood of men running away and to produce more children.

Marriage

Medicine can sometimes be dangerous...for patients. Answer the following about historical figures killed by their doctors This historian died of an infection resulting from surgery to fix the testicular swelling caused by his fondness for tight pants. Before his death, this man wrote a six-volume history of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

(Edward) Gibbon

Charles the Bad, a leader of this kingdom between Spain and France, died when the alcohol-soaked rags his nurses swaddled him in caught fire. Several Sanchos ruled this Basque kingdom once called Pamplona.

Navarre

Some claims of medical malpractice are fabricated, such as this leader's declaration that his Jewish doctors were conspiring to assassinate him. This man led the Soviet Union during World War II. This leader of the Soviet Union ordered the Great Purge. Earlier his policies of collectivization and dekulakization led to famine in Ukraine.

(josef) Stalin

The West German Wirtschaftswunder, or economic miracle, began during this man's time as chancellor. He brought his country into the European Coal and Steel Community

Adenaueur

The economic miracle was helped by this post-World War II US reconstruction aid program, which gave about 13 billion dollars to various European states. It was named for Truman's secretary of state.

Marshall

During the 1950s, Germany became a full party to this set of agreements, which liberalized trade between signatories in the Uruguay Round. In the 90s, it was replaced by the World Trade Organization.

GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)

According to legend, this king's army used a pet monitor lizard to reach a fort atop a steep cliff Name this founder of the Maratha ("muh-RAH-tuh") confederacy who took a title meaning "umbrella-lord." With the Mughal general Jai ("jay") Singh, he signed the Treaty of Purandar ("poor-UN-duhr"), which made him a Mughal vassal

Shivaji ("shih-VAH-jee")

Shivaji agreed to become a vassal of this Mughal emperor, who promptly placed Shivaji under house arrest at his court in Agra. This Mughal emperor reimposed the jizya, which had been previously abolished by Akbar.

Aurangzeb (1658-1707) The Intolerant

Shivaji was renowned for his tolerance towards this minority religion among his citizens. Akbar combined elements of Hinduism and this official religion of the Mughal Empire to develop the Din-i Ilahi.

Islam

Name this French president who ordered the bombing of the Rainbow Warrior and appointed Jacques Chirac as PM in 1986, thus beginning the first "cohabitation" period.

Mitterand

Mitterrand was a member of this left wing party whose most recent president, François Hollande, was elected in 2012.

French Socialist Party

Mitterrand became president by defeating this centrist politician in the 1981 election.This man lost popularity after he accepted a gift of diamonds from his buddy Jean-Bedel Bokassa.

VGE

Nearly all the participants in the "Congress of the Victors" where killed during this program name this program of the late 1930s that began with the Trial of the Sixteen. Sparked by the assassination of Kirov, the show trials of Kamenev and Zinoviev were part of this program.

Great Purges

Stalin appointed this man as head of the NKVD prior to the Great Purge. This successor of Yagoda claimed that a "center of centers," or a master conspiracy against the USSR, existed.

Yezhov

The exploits of a member of this family were publicized in a largely fictionalized Stuart Lake biography Name this family that fought a blood feud with the Clantons for control of Cochise County. One of its members, Morgan, was assassinated while playing pool.

Earp

The Earp brothers were joined by Doc Holliday during a famous 1881 gunfight usually named for this Tombstone, Arizona landmark, even though it actually took place in an adjacent lot.

OK Corral Gunfight

Those who died during the O.K. Corral gunfight were buried in a Tombstone cemetery with this two-word name. This was a popular nickname for cemeteries throughout the Wild West during the late 19th century.

Boot Hill Cemetery

In 1905, J.W. Salmond argued that the ghosts of these legal instruments "still haunt the precincts" of British law, and American judicial review heavily involves ones of "mandamus" and "certiorari. Name these written orders from an administrative or judicial body, which dominated the procedure of English common law until the abolition of forms of action in the 1830s.

Writs

esponsibility for issuing writs originally lay with this English Officer of State, although that power was curtailed by the Provisions of Oxford. This office was amalgamated with Secretary of State for Justice in 2007

Lord Chancellor

The wide-ranging 1998 legal reforms named for this Master of the Rolls renamed many prerogative writs and created the modern British Civil Procedure Rules. He also led the enquiry into the 1990 Strangeways prison riot.

Lord Woolf

This woman instructed her readers to "look the whole world in the face with a go-to-hell look in the eye" in her magazine Woman Rebel. [10:29 PM] Identify this woman whose final essay, "Some Consequences of Ignorance and Silence", was censored from her series "What Every Girl Should Know".

Margaret Sanger

After being arrested for giving out instructions on contraception to an undercover police officer, Sanger's younger sister Ethel Higgins Byrne almost died while performing this type of protest in prison. The Cat and Mouse Act freed Suffragettes who were performing this action in British jails.

Hunger Strikes

In this Appeals Court case from 1936, Justice Augustus Hand argued that the provisions of the 1930 Tariff Act did not prevent a doctor from importing the namesake type of birth control.

United States v. One Package of Japanese Pessaries

This thinker coined the term "history of the present" to describe an examination of present-day conditions using a historical lens. He is better known for writing a History of Sexuality and Discipline and Punish.

Foucalt

Books covering these events often take the form of "histories of the present," such as Timothy Crouse's 1972 book Boys on the Bus, or Theodore H. White's six accounts of these events.

Presidential campaigns

Timothy Garton Ash, who titled his essay collection about the 1990s in Europe History of the Present, also wrote The Magic Lantern, which tracked the overthrow of four Communist governments in this year.

1989

Rival street gangs under the command of competing brothel madames Tilly Devine and Kate Leigh ripped apart several blocks of this city in the 1930s. Identify this city whose Woolloomooloo neighborhood became a hellscape of mutilations after a firearms ban led a third of its citizens to carry loose razor blades. This city is home to the Tower Eye and Kirribilli House

Sydney

Cocaine was first regulated by this 1914 U.S. law, which was driven by hysterical reports that mail-order blow was turning Southern blacks into unstoppable, white women-raping superhulks.

Harrison Narcotics Tax Act

This group formed a namesake duma whose power was severely curtailed in Peter the Great's reforms. Ivan the Terrible forced them to perform service for the Tsar in exchange for land.

boyars

These descendants of families that had Christianized Northeastern Europe controlled the Prussian Army in Hohenzollern times. They are most famously exemplified by Otto von Bismarck.

Junkers

These were the regional administrators in Wallachia, where they aspired to become voivods, and in Croatia, where examples like Josip Jelalcic effectively served as prime ministers.

bans

This president argued with Nicholas Biddle, head of the Second Bank of the United States. Name this seventh president who had no Vice President for part of a term after John C. Calhoun resigned.

Jackson

Calhoun's resignation was related to this 1828 legislation that South Carolina wished to "nullify". It placed a high tax on imported goods.

Tariff of Abominations (1828)

President Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act in 1830. This three-word phrase was used for the forced southeast tribal relocations that result

Trail of Tears (1838-1839)

This insurrection broke out after companies of English mercenaries pillaged the countryside, and the nobility forced their underlings to refortify the castles. Name this uprising by peasants in 14th century France, which formed part of the larger Hundred Years' War.

The Jacquerie

.Although the Jacquerie failed, the peasant population soon experienced greater social mobility thanks to this deadly epidemic that decimated Europe in the mid-14th century.

Bubonic Plague

In the 1950s, Hollywood stars including Bing Crosby and Jimmy Stewart invested heavily in this industry as a tax dodge. Name this industry which Edwin Drake helped start in Titusville, Pennsylvania

oil mining

This largest privately held company in the world produces almost eight billion barrels a year from its wells in the Middle East. Its namesake World magazine covers Arabic culture.

Saudi Aramco

The oil industry suffered public relations setbacks when this tanker ran aground in 1989, causing significant ecological damage to Prince William Sound.

exxon valdez

Multicultural London English (MLE)

This form of English, mostly spoken by urban youth in Britain's capital city, is sometimes known as 'Jafaican' in the press despite its well-documented roots in Cockney and South Asian as well as Caribbean slang

Swear words in this language include blood claat, the equivalent of the British bloody, and it also contains the Hindi loanword ganja Name this creole language mostly of Akan origin widely spoken in Jamaica and among the Jamaican diaspora.

patois

Like African-American Vernacular English, this other language spoken in the Lowcountry region of the Carolinas, Georgia, and northern Florida may derive from a common 'plantation creole' spoken by enslaved Africans, though this creole contains far more African loanwords and personal names.

Gullah

Answer the following about a landmark 1961 Supreme Court case Name this case in which the police used a fake search warrant to enter the home of the defendant, who was attempting to hide pornography in her basement.

Mapp v ohio

Mapp v. Ohio established that evidence seized in violation of this amendment was not admissible in court.

fourth

Detractors of this politician called him a "Hebrew with Egyptian principles" for his staunch defense of the legality of slavery. Name this politician who was the first self-professed Jew to be elected to the Senate. After the Civil War, he fled to England, became a barrister, and wrote the influential Treatise on the Law of Sale of Personal Property.

Judah P Benjamin

his Alabama justice wrote a concurring opinion for the court's decision in Mapp v. Ohio. A former member of the Ku Klux Klan, he nevertheless supported civil rights during his tenure on the court.This Alabama justice wrote a concurring opinion for the court's decision in Mapp v. Ohio. A former member of the Ku Klux Klan, he nevertheless supported civil rights during his tenure on the court.

Hugo Lafayette Black

This Confederate president, a former Secretary of War under Franklin Pierce, appointed Benjamin as the first Attorney General of the Confederacy

Jefferson Davis

Benjamin was a senator from this state. Benjamin Butler issued the "Woman Order," which instructed soldiers to treat women who insulted them as prostitutes, after he and David Farragut captured this state's largest city.

Louisiana

Ms Aquarius

Salvini's stance on immigration and refugees led him to declare "victory" in June when Spain agreed to take the 629 refugees aboard this rescue ship after Italy refused them entry.

The interior minister of this country sparked outrage when he suggested a curfew for "little ethnic shops," suggesting that they were "meeting places for hellraisers Name this country where Matteo Salvini serves as both interior minister and deputy prime minister. Matteo Renzi and the Democratic Party suffered huge losses in this country's March elections.

Italy

The other deputy prime minister of Italy is Luigi Di Maio, who succeeded comedian Beppe Grillo as leader of this anti-establishment political party.

five star movement

This man was vilified as a "lily-livered sinical rogue" and "demi-human archbeast" by various newspapers for his public opposition to Christianity. Name this vociferous proponent of Deism who released the first part of The Age of Reason while imprisoned in Paris, believing that he was about to be executed.

paine

Britain's leading 19th-century secularist was a man with this surname who published The Reasoner and coined the words "secular" and "jingo." A Prime Minister of New Zealand with this surname banned the testing of nuclear weapons within his country's territory and sent troops to fight in Vietnam.

Holyoake

Many people attribute the rise in secularism in Britain to the publication of this author's works on the origins of humanity, such as The Descent of Man. This naturalist sailed the world on the Beagle.

Charles Darwin

Prior to coming to power, his highest post was Chancellor of Oxford University, and after losing power he traveled through Europe under the pseudonym John Clarke. Name this second Lord Protector of England, who ruled from 1658 to 1659 after succeeding his father.

Richard Cromwell

After being unable to pay the army, Richard Cromwell was overthrown. In 1660, this Parliament was elected. It accepted the Declaration of Breda and set the stage for the Restoration. Message #pk-2

Convention Parliament

The Convention Parliament passed this act, which pardoned most people involved in the Commonwealth, except for the regicides of Charles I.

Indemnity and Oblivion Act

Assyrian or Babylonian scribes probably also produced works in the namesake language of this empire which was commonly spoken throughout Mesopotamia. The founder of this empire, Sargon the Great, won the Battle of Uruk.

Akkadians

Roman scribes, who could employ rustic or uncial script, often belonged to this class of people made up of former slaves. In the US, a bureau for this sort of person was set up during Reconstruction.

freedmen

Jean Mielot was a translator and scribe in the court of this Duke of Burgundy and father of Charles the Bold, who held the Feast of the Pheasant in an attempt to raise support for a Crusade.

Phillip the good

The Haldane reforms were passed to raise an army in Great Britain before this war. Name this conflict from 1914 to 1918 which began with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by the Black Hand. Great Britain sent an Expeditionary Force to France to prevent the Schlieffen Plan from working.

WWI

This British Prime Minister who succeeded Herbert Asquith attended the Paris Peace Conference at the conclusion of World War I. He promoted the Balfour Declaration in 1917.

Lloyd George

This man masterminded Britain's World War I recruitment propaganda as War Secretary until his death in 1916. He defeated the Mahdists at the Battle of Omdurman and fought in the Second Boer War.

Horatio Herbert Kitchener

This man was appointed US Ambassador to France during the Quasi-War, and thus was involved in the XYZ Affair Name this Federalist from South Carolina, who made two unsuccessful runs for the Presidency, losing to Jefferson and Madison.

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney

Pinckney's running mate in both elections was this New York Senator, who became the last Federalist presidential candidate in 1816, losing badly to Monroe.

Rufus King

This other Federalist served as Treasury Secretary for John Quincy Adams, and was Adams's running mate in the 1828 election.

Rush

This king had an Andalusian architect build him the Sankore Madrasah and the Djingareyber Mosque for his University of Timbuktu Name this king who allegedly devalued the price of gold in Cairo by giving out so much of it during one journey.

Mansa Musa

Mansa Musa was a king of this West African empire, which was founded by Sundiata Keita and shares its name with a modern-day country.

Mali

By contrast, the stinginess of Mansa Musa's successor Suleiman was the subject of complaint for this Moroccan traveller, whose visits to places like Somalia, Crimea, and Sri Lanka were described in the Rihla.

Ibn Battuta

Imix and Ajaw are two units in a round of these devices called the tzolk'in Identify these devices, which also include the haab and the Long Count, erroneously declared by the gullible to end in 2012.

Mayan calendars

This second month in the French Republican calendar lends its name to a 1799 coup in which Napoleon replaced the French Directory with the Consulate.

Brumaire

This important date in the pre-Hijra Islamic calendar, roughly equal to 570 CE, denotes the year Muhammad was born. Its name derives from an incident in which one of Abraha of Aksum's shock troops named Mahmud refused to attack Mecca.

The Year of the Elephant

This ruler came to power in a coup that overthrew the successors of Anna. Name this Russian ruler who put Ivan VI into prison. This ruler had earlier been banished from the court of Peter II due to the influence of the Dolgorukovs.

Elizabeth I of Russia

The Dolgorukovs also arranged the exile of this Russian general, who was instrumental in supporting Catherine I. His great-grandson led Russian armies during the Crimean War's Sevastopol campaign.

Prince Alexander Menshikov

Menshikov was a friend of this Russian ruler who created the Table of Ranks and the Twelve Colleges. He was the first tsar to call himself emperor and led Russia to victory in the Great Northern War.

Peter the Great

The triumvirate of Jakub Berman, Hilary Minc, and Boleslaw Bierut ruled this country after the fall of Wladyslaw Gomulka. Name this country that was split in half by the Soviet Union and Germany in the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact.

Poland

In 1967, Gomulka purged Poland of these people. Following World War II, Stalin labeled a number of these people as "cosmopolitan" in his attempt to dictate the narrative of the "Great Patriotic War."

Jews

Stalin's post-War anti-Semitic campaign is discussed in this book by Timothy Snyder. This book examines the fate of the title region under the rules of Stalin and Hitler.

Bloodlands: Europe between Stalin and Hitler

This religion's name came from a derogatory nickname for members of Oxford's Holy Club Name this Protestant denomination, whose American branch suffered a north-south schism that lasted for almost one hundred years following an 1844 conference in Louisville.

Methodism

This English theologian, who names a Connecticut liberal arts university, is generally regarded as the founder of Methodism

John Wesley

Methodists use the Book of Offices, which is based on the Book of Common Prayer developed for this protestant denomination.

Anglicanism

Anti-war protestors targeted this president with rhyming chants asking "how many kids do you kill today?" This Texan took over the Presidency after the death of John F. Kennedy.

LBJ

Under the leadership of Stokely Carmichael, this civil rights organization broadened its purview to include opposing the Vietnam War. It organized sit-ins and freedom rides, and was especially popular at universities

SNCC

This American actress infamously expressed her opposition to the war by visiting North Vietnam. After getting photographed sitting on a North Vietnamese anti-aircraft gun, she was nicknamed "Hanoi."

Jane Fonda

This stone ruin served as the eponymous capital of an Iron Age medieval civilization. It also gave its name to the modern name of country in which it is located whose capital is Harare.

Zimbabwe

Great Zimbabwe was most likely constructed by these people, who speak a Bantu language of the same name and are also found in Zambia, Botswana and Mozambique.

Shona