critical thinking

thinking reflectively and productively and evaluating the evidence

mindfulness

being alert and mentally present for one's everyday activities

open-mindedness

being receptive to others ways of looking at things

creativity

a characteristic of a person; the ability to think about something in novel and unusual ways and to devise unconventional solutions to problems.

divergent thinking

produces many solutions to the same problem

convergent thinking

produces the single best solution to a problem

intelligence

an all-purpose ability to do well on cognitive tasks, solve problems, and to learn from experience

eugenics

the belief in the possibility of improving the human species by discouraging reproduction among those with less desirable characteristics and enhancing reproduction among those with more desirable characteristics.

validity

the extent to which a test measures what it's meant/intended to measure

reliability

extent to which a test gives a consistent, reproducible measure of performance

standardization

developing uniform procedures for administering/scoring a test, creating norms, performance standards, for the test.

mental age

a person's level of mental development relative to others

chronological age

age from birth

intelligence quotient (iq)

mental age divided by chronological age multiplied by 100

normal distribution

a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve, with majority scores falling in middle of possible range - some toward extremes.

heritiability

the proportion of observable differences in a group that can be explained by differences in the genes of the groups members

intellectual disability

condition of limited mental ability where an individual has low cognitive abilities and difficulty adapting to everyday life

triarchic theory of intelligence

Robert Sternberg, theory that intelligence comes in three forms: analytical, creative, and practical intelligence

language

form of communication

infinite generativity

ability to produce an endless number of meaningful sentences

phonology

languages sound system

morphology

languages rules for word formation

syntax

a languages rules for combining words to form acceptable phrases and sentences

semantics

meanings of words and sentences in a particular language

pragmatics

useful character of language and the ability of language to communicate even more meaning than is said

linguistic relativity hypothesis

benjamin whorf; language determines the way we think

noam chomsky

said humans come into the world biologically pre-wired to learn language