Rhetorical question

stimulates thought, but not overt responses

Communication

sharing of meaning, sending and receiving

Testimony

quotation of authoritative source

intrapersonal communication

thinking and talking to yourself

interpersonal communication

occurs between two people

Group communication

occurs between 3 or more people

Public communication

occurs when one person speaks face to face with an audience

Mass communication

electronic medium: radio-television, web sites

Research

Gathering of evidence and arguments

self-generated topics

from your memory, your interest

audience-generated topics

topics of interest or importance to your listener with an audience

Feedback

all messages sent by listeners to speakers

Captive audience

Feeling required to be present

Voluntary audience

assembled of its own free will

opinion

personal attitude, belief, or judgment arguable

environment

The occasion and physical setting

Noise

distracts from effective communication

values

judgment of desirable and undesirable

ethics

standards to determine right from wrong

Critical thinking

focus on deciding what to believe or do

demographics

characteristics of audience: age, gender etc.

psychographics

characteristics of audience: attitude behavior

plagiarism

presenting one's material as one's own

Listening

must be taught and learned

Readers guide to periodical literature

index to popular magazines

THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

-Sender (speaker) -receiver (listener) -feedback (understanding)

COMMUNICATION SYMBOLS/FEEDBACK

-verbal (speaking words) -nonverbal (bodily actions; visuals)

BARRIORS/DISTRACTIONS TO LISTENING

-Physical (noise from auto, airplane, lawnmower etc.) -physiological (headache, hunger, etc.) -Psychological (family problems, distress over tests, etc.) -Social (prejudices, biases, attitudes; also too many facts, statistics) -Structural (poorly organized speech; also use of words audience does not comprehend)

Messages

makes up the content of communication (ideas and feelings)

Communication

is a social activity and behavior. It can be learned or changed-learned behavior

Hearing

passive process

Listening

active process

Listening for appreciation

listening for enjoyment, such as music, radio, tv

Listening for comprehension

listening to understand a message, something unknown; a lecture

Listening to criticize

listening to evaluate a message, such as politician; critical listening

Listening for empathy

providing emotional support; sympathetic ear

HUMANS SPEND 80% OF THEIR WAKING HOURS ENGAGED

AND/OR 30% IN CONVERSATION

3 PURPOSES FOR SPEAKING

- to persuade - to inform - to entertain

3 PARTS A SPEECH IS COMPOSED OF

-introduction (attention getter, develop interest, thesis statement) -body (main part of the speech; develop points) -conclusion (summarize; restate significant points)

FOUR METHODS OF PREPARING/DELIVERING A SPEECH

-memorized (rote memory) -reading from a manuscript (reading the speech; primarily in used broadcasting) -extemporaneous (well prepared, practiced, using a note card) -impromptu (without preparation; spur of the moment)

A SPEECH OUTLINE/MANUSCRIPT WILL INCLUDE THE

-Title -Purpose (the broad goal of the speech) -Purpose sentence (single phrase stating precisely your hope to accomplish in the speech (you)) -Thesis statement (central idea; 1 sentence sums up, encapsulated major ideas of a speech (audience))

THREE FACTORS DETERMINE HOW WE SEND AND RECEIVE MESSAGES

-Heredity (biological and evolutionary past; traits, intelligence family values; demographics) -Culture (specific geographic area; experiences, environment) -Personal experience (helps shape our views about issues)