Term

Donor DNA definition and 3 types of donor DNA

Definition

Donor DNA - the DNA sequence you want to take from one source and insert into another DNA molecule 1. Genomic DNA - Taken directly from an organisms genome. EX) if you take the human gene for insulin directly from a human chromosome, you're using genomic DNA -Genomic DNA contains introns (non-coding sections within genes) that bacteria can't remove when making proteins 2. cDNA Complementary DNA - Made from using mRNA as a template by using an enzyme called reverse transcriptase - DNA -> mRNA -> cDNA - Useful for expressing eukaryotic genes in bacteria because the introns don't exist in mRNA (it just has coding information) 3. Chemically synthesized DNA - DNA sequence is artificially made in a lab (don't need to take from a cell) - Machines synthesize DNA and scientist insert it into a plasmid - Useful when the exact sequence wanted is known, when you want to modify the sequence, and when you want to make a completely new DNA sequence - No DNA template is needed (unlike cells - a strand is needed as a template)

Term

Ori

Definition

ORI = origin of replication - specific sequence of DNA where DNA replication begins. Replication begins when an initiator protein binds to the sequence -where plasmid replication begins. It allows bacteria to make many copies of the plasmid, therefore many copies of the inserted DNA -AT base rich

Term

Similarities and differences of Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Replication

Definition

Differences Prokaryotes: - Occurs in cytoplasm - 1 ori - replication origin on circular chromosome - No telomeres - circular DNA termination mechanisms and DNA repair systems maintain genome stability - DNA replication can occur anytime before cell division - Faster because of less detailed checks - DNA gyrase, DNA polymerase I, II, and III - One terminus - Longer Okazaki fragments Eukaryotes: -Occurs in nucleus -Multiple ori - replication origins - along each linear chromosome (larger genome) - Have telomeres to prevent lagging strand from shortening - DNA replication occurs in S phase of the cell cycle - Slower because of more detailed checks - DNA polymerase a, b, x, y, and telomerase - Multiple terminus Similarities: Same genetic code, polymerases, semi-conservative replication, lagging and leading strand, RNA primer, Okazaki fragments