Phonology

The sound system of a language

Morphology

The structure of words and how word parts change meaning

syntax

The rules for arranging words to form sentences

Semantics

The meaning of words and sentences

Prosody

the rhythm, stress, pitch, and intonation used when speaking. helps communicate meaning and emotion

What are the five oral language structures

Prosody, Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, Pragmatics

Prelinguistic / Prelexic

Children communicate without using actual words, such as through crying, cooing, babbling, and gestures.

Lexical / Lexic

Children begin using their first meaningful words to communicate. Example: Saying “ball” when they see a ball.

Systematic Simplification

Children simplify words or sentences because they have not yet mastered all the rules of language. Example: Saying “goed” instead of “went.”

Assembly

Children begin combining words into longer phrases and sentences while learning grammatical rules. Example: Saying “Mommy is cooking dinner.”

Metaphonological

Children become aware of the sounds and structure of language and can think about or manipulate sounds in words. Example: Recognizing that “cat” and “hat” rhyme.

Discourse

Children develop the ability to communicate connected ideas, participate in conversations, and tell stories in a logical order. Example: Retelling what happened during their school day.

What are the 6 stages of oral language

Prelinguistic → Lexical → Systematic Simplification → Assembly → Metaphonological → Discourse.

Heap

The child lists unrelated events or ideas without connecting them.

Sequence

The child tells events in order, but does not explain how they are connected.

Primitive Narrative

The child begins connecting events into a simple story with a basic theme or relationship.

What are the 3 stages of narrative development

Heap Sequence and primitive narrative

What is Oracy

the ability to communicate effectively through speaking and listening

How does oracy relate to oral language

Oral language development helps children build the speaking and listening skills needed for oracy.

what is the difference between phonological awareness and phonemic awareness provide examples

: Phonological awareness = all sound units; phonemic awareness = individual sounds in words. Phonemic awareness is apart of phonological awareness

list the developmental sequence of phonlogical awareness skills (blending, segmenting, rhyming

Rhyming → Blending → Segmenting.

describe the componets of print knowledge include print awarness alphabet knowledge and the alphabetic principle

1. Print Awareness: Understanding how print works and how books are used. 2. Alphabet Knowledge: Recognizing and naming letters and knowing their shapes and sounds. 3. Alphabetic Principle: Understanding that letters represent sounds in spoken words.

What is Sedita's writing rope? Briefly describe how each strand applies to early childhood writing

Sedita’s Writing Rope is a model showing how different writing skills work together to help children become effective writers. The strands and how they apply to early childhood writing: 1. Critical Thinking: Children develop ideas, organize their thoughts, and share opinions. 2. Syntax: Children learn to form sentences using correct word order and grammar. 3. Text Structure: Children learn how to organize writing, such as telling a story with a beginning, middle, and end. 4. Writing Craft: Children learn to choose words and details to make their writing interesting. 5. Transcription: Children practice handwriting, spelling, and typing. 6. Executive Functions: Children learn to plan, focus, organize, and revise their writing. Study tip: The strands work together to help children express their ideas clearly in writing.

how does phonological processing support reading and writing development

Phonological processing helps children recognize, remember, and work with the sounds in language. - Reading: Helps children connect letters to sounds and decode words. - Writing: Helps children hear sounds in words and use letters to spell them.

explain the difference between letter-name knowledge and letter-sound knowledge

Letter-name knowledge: Knowing and recognizing the names of letters. Example: Knowing B is called “bee.” Letter-sound knowledge: Knowing the sounds letters represent. Example: Knowing B makes the /b/ sound in “ball.”