Know definitions of speech, language, and communication

Speech- verbal/spoken means of communicating

Language-socially shared code system for representing concepts through symbols and rules of how their combined.

Communication- exchange of information and ideas, needs, and desires between 2 or more people.

2. Know the 5 components of language

Syntax, morphology, phonology, semantics, pragmatics

3. ID the difference between communication competence and communication

Performance

Competence- underlying knowledge of the rules of a language that someone possesses.

Performance- actual use of language in real situations, may include errors or hesitation.

4. Familiarize yourself with the definition of paralinguistic cues in communication

Nonverbal elements of communication. Tone, pitch, volume, gestures

5. Be able to identify an example of a non-linguistic cue that we use in communication

Body language, facial expressions

6. Know the definitions of semantics, pragmatics, syntax, phonology, and morphology

Semantics- system of rules concerned w the meaning of words and word combinations

Pragmatics- social use of language and how you use language to achieve your communication goals.

Syntax- way in which words are put together in a phrase, sentence, or in conversational speech to convey appropriate meaning.

Phonology- scientific study of sound systems and patterns used to create the sounds and words of language.

Morphology- study of rules for combining the smallest units of language into words.

7. Know what is the smallest unit of language and the smallest unit of sound

Sound- phoneme

Language- morpheme

8. Know how many phonemes are in the English language

44

9. Be able to ID difference between a bound and free morpheme

Bound morphemes must be joined to free morpheme to convey meaning. Free morphemes can stand alone and have meaning.

10. Know difference or example between code shifting and style shifting

Code shifting- using various dialects/languages when communicating. Style shifting- the variation from formal to informal style of speaking.

11. Be able to discriminate the basic differences between the following theories:

Skinner, Vgtosky, Chomsky, Piaget, and the Information processing theory

Skinner- behaviorist/nuture belief. Operant conditioning. Behavior is shaped by its consequences.

Chompsky- nativist/innate rules. Language is acquired bc we are born with innate rules related to language.

IPT- cognitive functioning/how language is believed to be learned. Theorists believe there are certain steps involved with processing incoming/outgoing language information. (how the mind takes information).

Vgtosky- states that cognitive development is fundamentally a social process. Children learn through interaction with more knowledgeable others. Mixture of both innate and social skills.

Piaget- children construct knowledge through 4 stages. Sensorimotor/preoperational/concrete/formal.

12. Know what the LAD stands for and it’s purpose

Language acquisition device. Enables children to acquire and understand language rapidly without formal instruction. (Chompsky).

13. Be able to ID an example of the pre-operational stage, sensorimotor stage, formal

operational stage, and concrete operational stage; if you know the ages at which

these occur, this will be the indicator of the stage.

14. Be able to ID an example of “expansion” and a “cloze procedure”

Expansion- “

15. Know what object permanence means- understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, touched.

16. Know what the CNS consists of- central nervous system. Brain and spinal cord.

17. Know what the PNS consists of- peripheral nervous system. Cranial and spinal nerves.

18. Know which cranial nerves are most important in regard to speech, language, and

Hearing- CN 5,7-12

19. Know that CN 10 is the most involved in relation to speech, language, and hearing- vagus nerve, controls sensory, motor, and parasympathetic functions

20. Know the function of the spinal cord- transmitting signals between the brain and body/controlling movement, processing sensation.

21. Know characteristics of the brainstem- regulating vital involuntary functions, housing most cranial nerve nuclei. Oldest part of brain. Transmits messages to the brain and rest of the body. Controls respiration, breathing and swallowing, etc

22. Know which lobe of brain if affected, results in ataxic dysarthria- cerebellum

23. Know which lobe of the brain is responsible for auditory processing and auditory

Comprehension- temporal lobe

24. Know the cerebrum is the largest part of the brain

25. Know basic differences between the right and left hemispheres of the brain

Left- language side. Controls written, oral, visual.

Right- responsible for higher level cognitive functioning. Visual/spatial processing. Attention, memory, reasoning, problem solving.

26. Know in which lobe of the brain are Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas located- brocas- frontal. Wernicke’s- temporal.

27. Be familiar with the difference between apraxia and dysarthria-

Apraxia- neurological disorder that results in difficulty initiatiting, planning of speech production.

Dysarthria- motor speech disorder affecting the muscles of the mouth, face pharynx, larynx.

28. Know definition of MRI- magnetic resonance imaging. Tool used for clinical diagnosis and rehab research.