The Geosphere

The part of the Earths Systems which includes the crust mantle ,and outer core (land)

The Hydrosphere

This part of the Earths Systems is the planets' water ,including oceans, lakes, rivers, ground water and water vapour.(water)

The Atmosphere

The part of the Earths Systems include the mixture of gases that surround the planet (air)

The Biosphere

The part of the Earths Systems include all the living things ,including plants ,animals, and other living organisms .(life)

The four groups are air = ----------- , land = ----------- , life = ----------- , water = ----------

air=atmosphere ,land=geosphere ,life=biosphere ,water =hydrosphere

Name 5 types of surface water

Oceans, rivers, lakes, seas and ponds

Ground water is ........

Water stored beneath the Earths' surfaces

Atmospheric water is ------------------------

clouds and water vapour

Ice and snow examples.....

Ice caps, glaciers and snow

🌿 Definition of Transpiration

The process in which moisture trapped in the plants escape into the atmosphere

💧 Definition of condensation

Condensation is the process where water vapour cools down and changes back into liquid water.

🌧️ Definition of precipitation

Precipitation is any form of water that falls from clouds to the Earth's surface.

🌍 Definition of infiltration

Infiltration is the process where water on the surface of the ground soaks down into the soil.

Porous definition

Porous describes a material that has tiny holes or spaces (pores) that allow liquid or air to pass through it.(permeable )

Permeable definition

Permeable describes a material that allows liquids or gases to pass through it.

Impermeable definition

Impermeable describes a material which does not let water get through

Examples of permeable surfaces

Soil (especially sandy or loamy) Grass and other vegetated ground Sand Permeable rock like sandstone or chalk Forest floors

Examples of impermeable surfaces

Concrete ,Tarmac, asphalt

What is surface run off ?

Surface runoff is water that flows over the land's surface because it cannot infiltrate into the ground.

What is Ground water flow ?

Groundwater flow is the movement of water through the rocks and soil beneath the Earth's surface.(NO 8 )

☀️ Evaporation — Definition

Evaporation is the process where liquid water changes into water vapour due to heating.

What is a source ?

The point where a river starts, up in the hills

What is a confluence ?

A point where two river channels meet

What is a tributary?

A smaller river that joins a bigger river

What is the mouth?

Where the river meets the sea

What is a drainage basin?

A drainage basin is the area of land where all the water (rainfall, rivers, streams) drains into a single river system.

What is a watershed?

A watershed is the boundary of high land that separates one drainage basin from another.

What is a flood ?

Is when a river bursts its banks and overflows onto the surrounding land .

Factors that increase the chances of flooding:

Surface Runoff also known as Fast overground movement of water

Factors that decrease the chances of flooding:

Infiltration also known as slow underground movement of water

Name 5 events that increase the chances of flooding

1)Heavy rain 2)Tarmac Surfaces(impermeable) 3)Steep slopes 4)Deforestation 5)Urbanisation(building on land)

Name 3 events that decrease the chances of flooding

1)Planting trees 2)Drains 3)Building dams and reservoirs

🌳 What is interception?

Interception is when vegetation (like trees, leaves, and plants) catches and holds rainfall, stopping it from immediately reaching the ground.

💧 What is saturation?

Saturation is when the soil or ground is completely full of water, meaning it cannot absorb any more.

Flooding results in a variety of impacts : ----------------- , ----------- , and --------

Economical , social and Environmental

Economical -

The cost of repairing the flood damages and for any loss of jobs associated with businesses being damaged

Social -

The negative impact on people's health and happiness from the stress of it all

Environmental -

The pollution that can occur when chemicals enter the water from flooded cars and homes

Advantages of river environments to people :

1)Irrigation - Farmers use river water to help crops to grow 2)Hydro-electric power - Fast-flowing water can be used to generate electricity 3)Coal-fired power stations -need a large amount of water for cooling 4)Ports- Place where boats can load and unload

For this topic what else do you have to do ?

Do some practical work practice ,analyse the flood risks and go through the checklist :) YOU GOT THIS