What is synapse?

The junction (joining point) where one neurons is able to communicate signals to another neuron or cell

What is a neurotransmitter?

chemical messenger secreted by neurons to carry a neural signals from a neuron to either another neuron or an effector (gland, muscle fiber)

reference: synapse steps

1. an action potential travels down the axon to the axon terminal 2. synaptic vesicles move to and fuse with the presynaptic membrane 3. neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft 4. Neurotransmitters bind to receptor proteins and affect the postsynaptic neuron. It causes ion specific channels to open, and if the threshold is reached, an action potential will be initiated.

Acetylcholine (Ach) causes what?

Depolarization, and contraction of the muscle fiber.

What does Cholinesterase do?

Breaks down Acetylcholine so the membrane can repolarize.

Dopamine affects brain synapses in the form of?

Body movements

Excessive dopamine can cause?

Schizophrenia

Inadequate dopamine production can cause?

Parkinson's

What does Serotonin do?

Regulates temperature/sensory perception

What do Endorphins do?

Natural painkillers in the brain and also affect emotional areas

What does Norepinephrine do?

Compliments actions of epinephrine (adrenaline) readings the body to respond to danger Over production can cause high blood pressure and anxiety