What did Romulus do to attract people to his new city?

He offered asylum to anyone who wanted to become a citizen, including criminals and outcasts.

How did Romulus make Rome a safe city?

He ordered walls and fortifications to be built around the Palatine Hill.

What social classes did Romulus supposedly create?

Patricians (leaders) and Plebeians (commoners).

What was the Roman Senate, and who was it made up of?

A council of leading men (Patricians) who advised the king.

Why did Romulus divide the population into tribes?

To make it easier to collect taxes and create armies.

Did Romulus create Roman religion based on Greek practices?

There is no evidence of this, although Romans had similar gods with different names.

What did Romulus build to celebrate military victories?

A temple to the Roman god Jupiter.

Who was Hercules, and why did Romulus make sacrifices to him?

A Greek hero (Hercules in Roman) - supposedly herded cattle in the area of the Tiber.

According to a myth, how did Romulus die?

Taken up to heaven in a lightning storm.

Who made up the Roman army created by Romulus?

Roman citizens.

What military unit did each curia (ward) provide?

One hundred foot soldiers (century) and ten cavalry.

What was the role of a Military Tribune?

Organize the army and bring troops together for battle.

What were Romulus' most loyal soldiers called?

Celeres (became a cavalry unit).

True or False: Democracy in ancient Rome meant everyone had an equal vote.

False! Only men had the right to vote, and Patricians had more power than Plebeians.

What was the benefit of dividing the tribes into curiae (wards)?

Each curia had a leader (curio) and received land for the benefit of the people living there.

Why was Rome struggling to grow?

There weren't enough women to marry the Roman men and have children.

What did the Romans do to try and find wives for their men?

They asked neighboring kingdoms if their women could marry the Romans, but were rejected.

How did the Romans end up with Sabine women?

They tricked the Sabines at a festival, got the men drunk, and then abducted the women.

How did the Sabine women stop the battle between the Romans and Sabines?

They rushed between the two armies and pleaded with them to stop fighting, as they didn't want to lose their husbands or fathers/brothers.

What was the outcome of the Rape of the Sabines?

The Romans and Sabines united as one people. The Sabines moved to Rome and shared power with the king.

What happened after Romulus died?

There was a year with no king (interregnum) where Senators fought for power. Plebeians complained about having too many rulers.

Why did the Romans choose a Sabine king after Romulus?

To be fair since the last king was Roman, and Numa was known for his piety and diplomacy.

What did Numa do to approve his kingship according to some sources?

He performed an augury to see if the Gods approved.

Who was Egeria, and how is she connected to Numa?

A nymph who supposedly advised Numa and taught him to be a wise leader.

What religious roles did Numa create?

The Flamen Dialis (priest of Jupiter), the Pontiff (overall religious leader) and he moved Vestal Virgins (keepers of the sacred flame) into Rome.

What did Numa supposedly write?

Sacred books containing divine teachings.

What was the Temple of Janus supposed to symbolize?

Open doors meant war, closed doors meant peace (supposedly always closed during Numa's reign).

How was Tullus Hostilius different from the previous king, Numa Pompilius?

Tullus Hostilius was more warlike and aggressive than Numa, who focused on peace and religion.

What was the first challenge Tullus Hostilius faced as king?

A border dispute with the neighboring kingdom of Alba Longa.

How was Hostilius' war between Rome and Alba Longa settled?

A combat between three sets of triplets, one Roman and one Alban. The Romans won.

Why did the Alban leader, Mettius, betray the Romans?

He became unpopular after the loss to Rome and wanted to regain power.

How did Tullus Hostilius punish Mettius for his betrayal?

He had Mettius torn apart by four horses.

What happened to the city of Alba Longa after Hostilius' war?

The Romans forced the Albans to move to Rome and burned their city to the ground.

What legal right did Tullus Hostilius introduce?

The right to appeal - the right to challenge a decision made against you.

What did Tullus Hostilius do to help homeless citizens?

He provided them with land to build new farms.

How did Tullus Hostilius increase the population of Rome?

By defeating Alba Longa and adding their population to Rome, and by encouraging Sabines to move to the city.

What building did Tullus Hostilius supposedly construct?

A new Senate house called the Curia Hostilia.

How did Ancus Marcius become King?

After Tullus Hostilius died, the people elected him king. He was a Sabine and grandson of Numa Pompilius.

How was Ancus Marcius described?

A mix of Numa's peacefulness and Romulus' aggression.

What was Ancus Marcius' first religious act?

Ordered copying and displaying religious ceremonies on wooden tablets.

What religious laws did Ancus Marcius reinstate?

Laws created by his grandfather, Numa Pompilius.

What was Ancus Marcius' new negotiation process?

A messenger with a hat would ask enemies to leave Roman territory within 33 days to avoid war.

Why did Ancus Marcius build a prison?

Due to the increase in crime as the population grew.

Why did war erupt between Rome and the Latins during Ancus' reign?

Latins believed Rome was weak after Tullus Hostilius' death.

What happened to the defeated Latins from Politorium under Ancus?

They became Roman citizens and settled on the Aventine Hill.

How did Ancus Marcius respond when Latins retook Politorium?

Burned most of the city and built fortifications around it.

What territorial addition did Ancus Marcius make to Rome?

The Janiculum, a vantage point useful for attacks.

What bridge did Ancus Marcius supposedly build?

The Pons Sublicius, the first bridge over the Tiber River.

What port city did Ancus Marcius found?

Ostia, at the mouth of the Tiber River.

How did Ancus Marcius die?

Natural causes at the age of 60.