algorithm

it is a set of sequential steps to solve systematically.

characteristics of an algorithm

1. Well-defined steps 2. Step-by-step instructions that are free of programming codes 3. Written in simple language 4. The desired output must be obtained after the algorithm terminates

algorithm to find sum and avg of 2 numbers

step 1: start Step 2: input 2 numbers, A and B Step 3: calculate sum (A+B) Step 4: calculate average (A+B)/2 step 5: Print the sum and average Step 6: stop

algorithm to compare 2 numbers and determine the greater value

step 1: start Step 2: input two numbers, A and B Step 3: check whether A is equal to B and go to step 4. Else, go to step 5 step 4: print "A is equal to B" and go to step 8 step 5: compare A and B. If A is greater, go to step 6. Else, go to step 7. step 6: Print "A is greater than B" and go to step 8. step 7: print "B is greater than A" step 8: stop

flowchart

It diagrammatically represents the steps in the algorithm. It makes the program easier to understand.

characteristics of a flowchart

1. The symbols are used accordingly based on their function. 2. it must flow in a logical order. 3. it must have a clear start and end. 4. it must have arrows that indicate the flow of instruction.

shape of start/stop box

oval

start / stop box

used in beginning and end of flowchart. it is also called the terminal box.

shape of input/output box

parallelogram

input/ output box

it is used to accept input or display output of the program.

shape of processing box

rectangle

processing box

Used for writing processing instructions and performing calculations.

shape of decision box

diamond

decision box

it is used for checking or applying any condition in the program. it has one entry point and 2 exit points, one of which shows true and other shows false.

flow lines

arrows used to indicate the flow of instructions.