Heart
Serves as a pump with an extensive network of tubes throughout the body. These tubes contain fluid that transports essential substances to and from the cells of the body and removes various waste substances from these cells.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Heart | Serves as a pump with an extensive network of tubes throughout the body. These tubes contain fluid that transports essential substances to and from the cells of the body and removes various waste substances from these cells. |
Blood Vascular System | Includes the blood, heart, and blood vessels. |
Lymphatic System | Includes the lymph, lymph vessels, and lymph nodes. |
Angiology | The study of the circulatory system. |
Transportation Function | Movement of all the substances necessary for the cellular metabolism throughout the circulatory system. The movement of respiratory gases (carbon dioxide and oxygen) is accompanied by red blood cells, the movement of waste products, and the movement of nutrients throughout the body. |
Regulation Function | Involves the maintenance of the pH level of the body through buffers that have been dissolved in the blood and amino acids of proteins. |
The urinary system and the circulatory system work together to regular the... | Amount of water and salts in the blood. |
The integumentary system and the circulatory system work together to... | Help maintain the body's temperature by the dispersion of heat from the muscles of the body. |
Protective Function | Involves the circulatory systems ability to respond to injury as well as its ability to defend against foreign substances in the body. |
Leukocytes | White blood cells that contain nuclei of varying shapes and sizes. Their primary function is defense against infection in the body and may leave the system to fight infections in the tissues of the body. They are larger than red blood cells (4,300 - 10,800 per mm3). Most are produced by the red bone marrow. |
Heamtology | The study of blood. |
The normal temperature of blood should be... | 38C or 100.3 degrees F. |
The pH concentration of blood is 7.35 to 7.45, which makes blood slightly more... | Alkaline. |
Plasma | A clear, straw-colored liquid that is the liquid part of the blood. It is the material in which we find the formed elements suspended. It contains water (92% - 95%) and dissolved components (5% - 8%). |
There are three types of blood cells: | Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and Thromobcytes. |
Erythroctyes | Red blood cells. They are tiny bi-concave discs that lose their nuclei before entering the blood stream. Their primary function if the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide. They pick up the oxygen in the lungs, which is carried by the hemoglobin. They are produced in the red marrow of the bone and have a life expectancy ranging up to about 120 days. |
Thromobcytes | Platelets. |
About...of the volume of blood in the body is made up of blood cells. The remaining...is liquid plasma containing important blood proteins. | 45% and 55%. |
Heme | Pigment containing iron. |
Globin | Protein in the red blood cell. |
Bilirubin | Reddish-brown pigment substance that is a result of the hemoglobin breakdown. |
Biliverdin | Greenish pigment substance that some of the hemoglobin is chemically converted into. |
Bilirubin and biliverdin pigments are then eliminated by the liver-stored in the gallbladder and then secreted into the...as needed to aid in the digestive process. | Small intenstine. |
Jaundice | When the liver or its ducts become diseased or fail to operate properly, excess quantities of these pigments may build up in the blood stream causing this condition. |
Diapedesis | Where white blood cells can pass through the wall of the capillaries. |
Lymphocytes | A type of white blood cells that is produced in the lymphatic system. |
Granulocytes | A white blood cells that contains small granules within their cells. They include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. |
Agranulocytes | White blood cells that do not contain granules within their cells. This includes lymphocytes and monocytes. |
Phagocytosis | Leukocytes seek out foreign substances and engulf them through this process. Cells that perform this act are known as phagocytes. |
Phagocytes | Engulfs foreign substances by seeking them out. This includes neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils. |
Lymphocytes | Important to the body's immunity because they produce antibodies. |
Basophils | Help prevent intravascular blood clotting by producing heparin. |
Thrombocytes (Platelets) | Smallest of the blood cells that are produced in the red bone marrow. They are more numerous than leukocytes and help clot in the walls of broken blood vessels. |
Coagulation | The clotting of blood. It is a result of the action of the blood vessels, blood platelets, and the clotting factors. |
Extrinsic Clotting Mechanism | Caused by the release of chemicals from injured or damaged tissue. |
Intrinsic Clotting Mechanism. | Caused by the contact of blood with foreign surfaces in the absence of any injury or tissue damage. |
Antiprothrombin (Heparin) | These substances inhibit the formation of thrombin and prothrombin which are parts of the common pathway of either the extrinsic or intrinsic mechanism of blood clotting. |
When the clotting factors have been removed from plasma, it is then called: | Serum. |
Cardiology | The study of the heart. |
Epicardium | Serous membrane that is the outermost layer of the heart. |
Myocardium | Middle layer of the heart. |
Endocardium | Innermost layer adjacent to the lumen of the heart. |
Mediastinum | The space between the two lungs. |
The heart has...chambers | 4 |
Atria (Atrium) | The superior or upper chambers of the heart that are always receiving chambers for blood entering the heart. They are identified as the right and left atrium. |
Ventricles | The lower chambers of the heart always serve as the exit chambers for the blood leaving the heart. They are identified as the right and left ventricles. |
Pulmonary Circulation | The blood vascular system which carries blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation and then carries it back to the heart to be pumped out into the body. |
Systemic Circulation | The part of the blood vascular system that provides for blood circulation to all parts of the body, carrying nutrients and oxygenated blood out to the body, then returning it back to the heart so that it can go to the lungs for oxygenation; this is the most extensive part of the blood circulator system. |
Because the atria are ___ chambers, and because a vein always carries blood ___ the heart, the vessels which enter each atrium are always veins. | Receiving and towards. |
The ventricles are the ___ chambers for blood in the heart, and because an artery usually takes blood away from the heart, the vessels which are associated with the ventricles is an artery. | Exit. |
Superior Vena Cava | Part of the right atrium that serves to drain the head, upper extremities, and part of the chest. |
Inferior Vena Cava | Part of the right atrium that provides the blood drainage from the abdomen and the lower extremities. |
Coronary Sinus | Part of the right atrium that drains the heart muscle. It enters from the back side. |
The right ventricle of the heart has only one large vessel which exits the chamber and carries the blood toward the lungs for oxygenation. | Pulmonary Trunk or Common Pulmonary Artery. |
The left atrium of the heart has ___ which will enter the chamber. | Four vessels. |
Pulmonary Veins | Two of these vessels coming from each lung that serve to return blood from the lungs, which was delivered there for oxygenation by the pulmonary arteries. |
The left ventricle of the heart has only one large vessel which exits the chamber. | Aorta (Ascending Aorta) |
Aorta (Ascending Aorta) | This vessel will carry the blood towards all parts of the body as part of systemic circulation. |
Artial Septum | Divides the right and left artium. |
Ventricular Septum | Divides the right and left ventricles. |
Right Atrio-Ventricular Septum | Separates the right atrium from the right ventricle. This contains the Tricuspid or Right Articular-Valve. |
Tricuspid or Right Articular Valve | Has tree cusps; when the heart contracts, the cusps billow and close the opening in the right atrio-ventricular septum. |
Left Artio-Ventricular Septum | Separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. |
Chordae Tendinae | The cords connecting the cusps of the Tricuspid. It will prevent the inversion of the cusps, and the Papillary Muscles are what hold it in place. |
Bicuspid, Mitral, or Left Artio-Ventricular Valve | Constructed of only two cusps and works the same as the tricuspid valve (contraction of the heart causes the closing of the opening in the left atrio-ventricular septum). |
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve | Valve located at the exit of the right ventricle and the mouth of the pulmonary trunk. It has three cusps which allow the flow of the blood away from the heart and into the pulmonary artery. It allow prevents the flow of blood back into the right ventricle of the heart. |
Aortic Semilunar Valve | Valve located at the exit of the left ventricle into the mouth of the ascending aorta. It allows blood to flow away from the heart and into the ascending aorta. It also prevents the flow of blood into the left ventricle of the heart. |
Systole | The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle. |
Diastole | The relaxation phase of the heart, when the hearts chambers dilate. |