what are the five phases of traditional architectural services and there % fees
Schematic Design (15%), Design Development (20%), Construction Documents (40%), Bidding/Negotiation (5%), Construction Administration (20%)
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| what are the five phases of traditional architectural services and there % fees | Schematic Design (15%), Design Development (20%), Construction Documents (40%), Bidding/Negotiation (5%), Construction Administration (20%) |
| What are the common methods of A/E compensation? | Percentage of construction cost, stipuated sum, hourly billling rates, and combined methods |
| What is a single-prime contract | One owner, One general contractor, one architect; simplest to administer; traditional design-bid-build |
| What is a multiple-prime contract? | Owner holds separate contracts with multiple contractors; often used for fast-track or complex projects |
| What is the design-build delivery method? | Owner contracts with a single entity responsible for both design and construction; architect is part of the D-B team, not the owner's representative |
| What information is typically included on floor plans | Walls, doors, windows, room names, dimensions, structural grid, stairs, fixed equipment, and keynotes |
| What is the four-corner rule? | If it isn't written on the four corners of the contract document, it doesn't exist |
| What is an addendum? | A written or graphic document issued before bidding to modify or clarify the construction documents |
| What is a change order? | A written modifications to the contract after construction begins, adjusting scope, cost, or time |
| What are the Four C's of coordination's? | Clear, Concise, Complete, and Correct |
| What is timing coordination of drawings and specifications? | Ensuring that drawings and specs match each other and are updated simultaneously to avoid conflicts |
| What causes airflow? | Differences in temperature or pressure; air moves from high pressure to low pressure |
| What are high- and low-pressure areas around a building? | Windward side = positive pressure; leeward side = negative pressure |
| What is the Bernoulli effect? | as air velocity increases, static pressure decreases; used in roof vents and venturi effects |
| What is the Stack Effect? | Warm air rises, creating upward airflow; enhanced by tall vertical openings or solar chimneys. |
| What is topography? | The shape and features of land, represented by contour lines |
| What is topographic survey? | A survey showing elevations, contours, and physical features of a site |
| How do you calculate percentage of slope? | (Vertical Rise ÷ Horizontal Run) × 100 |
| What is "cut and fill"? | Earthwork operations that remove soil (cut) or add soil (fill) to create a level building pad |
| What is a retention pond? | A basin designed to permanently hold stormwater and release it slowly |
| What are the prevailing wind directions in Climate Zone #5? | Northwest in winter; southwest in summer |
| What are shading devices used for? | To block unwanted summer sun while allowing winter sun to enter |
| What is the optimum collector tilt angle for climate zone #5? | Approximately equal to site latitude (~40°), adjusted seasonally: Winter: latitude + 15° Summer: latitude - 15° |
| What are key climatic design strategies for Zone #5? | Keep heat in during winter, protect from winter winds, maximize sout sun, block summer heat, use natural ventilation |
| How many square feet are in an acre? | 43,560 square feet |
| What is a "metes and bounds" survey? | A boundary description using distances, directions, and physical landmarks |
| When should coordination between drawings and specifications begin? | Beginning of design stage |
| What is "cutting and filling" when creating a level area? | The process of removing soil from high points (cut) and placing it in low areas (fill) to create a flat, level building pad |
| What is included on a title sheet? | Project info, team, notes, abbreviations, sheet index, directory, site plan, vicinity map |
| What is an RFI? | A request for information issued by the ocntractor when drawings/specs are unclear |
| What are common sources of change orders? | Owner changes, design team errors, code issues, unforeseen conditions |
| What is the purpose of the bidding/negotiation phase? | To obtain pricing, answer bidder questions, and issue addenda |
| What is a Guaranteed Maximum Price (GMP)? | A cost limited in CMs contracts. |
| What is cross-centilations? | Airflow from windward to leeward openings |
| What is benchmark? | A fixed elevation reference point used for grading and construction |
| What is an easement? | A legal right for utiliteis or others to use part of a property |
| When does coordination between drawings and specifications begin? | At the start of design and continues through the entire project |
| Which contract document has the highest precedence? | None - all contract documents are equal |
| What is the formula for A/E phase fee allocation | Total Fee x Phase Percentage |
| What is the formula for south glazing area? | Floor Area x 0.30 |
| What is the formula for operable window area? | Floor Area x 0.20 to 0.25 |
| What is the formula for scale concersion | measured inches x scale factor |
| What is the formula for shading-device overhang projection? | Window height / F-factor |
| What is the formula for solar collector tilt? (Method #2) | Winter solar = (Latitude x 0.9) + 29 degrees Summer solar = (Latitude x 0.9) - 23.5 degrees Spring/Fall solar = Latitude - 2.5 degrees |
| What is the formula for solar collector tilt? (Method #1) | Winter solar = Latitude + 15 degrees Summer solar = latitude - 15 degrees Year-round solar = Latitude |