What is fluency in reading?

A: The ability to read with accuracy, automaticity, appropriate rate, and prosody.

Why is fluency important for comprehension? Q: What is automaticity? A: Effortless and quick word recognition. Q: What level of accuracy is ideal for fluent reading? A: About 95% or higher.

It frees cognitive resources so readers can focus on meaning instead of decoding.

What instructional approach is used for fluency and vocabulary?

Explicit, systematic, and recursive instruction.

What is automaticity?

Effortless and quick word recognition.

What level of accuracy is ideal for fluent reading?

About 95% or higher.

What is prosody?

Expression in reading, including phrasing, intonation, and attention to punctuation. Q: What is reading rate? A: The number of words read correctly per minute.

What is reading rate?

The number of words read correctly per minute.

What is repeated reading? Q: How does reader’s theater support fluency? A: It builds expression and prosody through performance reading.

Rereading a passage multiple times to improve fluency.

What is choral reading?

Teacher and students read aloud together.

What is echo reading?

Teacher reads first, students repeat.

What are running records?

Assessments tracking errors, accuracy, and reading rate.

How does reader’s theater support fluency?

It builds expression and prosody through performance reading.

What is receptive vocabulary? Q: What is word consciousness? A: Awareness and interest in learning and using new words.

Words understood through listening and reading.

What is expressive vocabulary?

Words used in speaking and writing.

Why is learning vocabulary in context important?

It promotes deeper understanding and authentic use of words.

What is word consciousness?

Awareness and interest in learning and using new words.

What is incidental vocabulary learning?

Learning words through exposure, such as teacher modeling.

Why is dictionary-based memorization ineffective?

It lacks meaningful context and engagement.

Why should multiple vocabulary strategies be used?

Different methods reinforce understanding and retention.

What are Tier 1 words?

Common, everyday words (e.g., run, happy).

What are Tier 2 words?

High-utility academic words used across contexts (e.g., analyze).

What are Tier 3 words?

Domain-specific words (e.g., photosynthesis).

What is a synonym/restatement clue?

A nearby word or phrase that means the same thing.

What is an antonym/contrast clue?

A clue showing the opposite meaning.

What is an inference clue?

Using context and reasoning to infer meaning.

How are fluency and vocabulary related to comprehension?

They act as bridges that enable understanding of text.

What happens if a student focuses too much on decoding?

They lose comprehension due to limited cognitive capacity.

Why is modeling important in reading instruction?

It shows students how fluent reading should sound.

When is independent reading effective?

When students already have sufficient reading skills and the teacher models it.

What should teachers do for struggling readers?

Provide scaffolding, interventions, and guided practice.