Renaissance – Rebirth

Jacob Burnhardt: The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy)

Alberti (Men can do all things, if they will)

Da'Vinci's Vitruvian Man

The Hanseatic League – Lubeck

Banking and the Medici

Population (Nobility, Peasants/Townspeople, and Clergy)

Slavery and the Portuguese (15th c.)

Maririage (arranged), dowries, children, Sexual

norms

Milan (Visconti and Sforza (condotierri)

Venica (wealthy merchanrs)

Florence (Medici)

Papal States (Papacy)

Kingdom of Naples (poor)

Mantua (Gonzaga Family)

Ferrara (d'Este Family)

Urbino (Montefeltro)

Isabella d’Este

Diplomacy

Ambassadors (agents of peace)

Italian Balance of Power

Niccolo Machiavelli & "The Prince"

Humanism

Greco-Roman

Petrarch: father of humanism - revival

Individualism (worth/rights)

Secularism (of this world)

Pantheism

Civic Humanism (ideals + civic participation)

Neoplatonism (revival)

Marsillio Ficino (Plato's Dialogues with Christian Theology)

Hermeticism (Ficino's Corpus Hermeticum)

Johannes Gutenberg – moveable type

The Humanities (grammar, rhetoric, poetry, ethics, history)

Renaissance Education (adds music, mathematics, and astronomy)

Johannes Gutenberg and moveable type (1450s)

Masaccio, Tribute Money – first Ren masterpiece)

Botticelli, Primavera

Donatello, David

Brunelleschi, Il Duomo/Church of San Lorenzo

Da Vinci, The Last Supper

Raphael, School of Athens (Pythagoras)

Michelangelo, David

Northern Renaissance Art: differences

Jan Van Eyck, Arnolfini and His Bride

Albrecht Durer, Adoration of the Magi

Guillaume Dufay – composer, secular music

Madrigal poem set to music

poem set to music

New Monarchies: France, England, Spain

New Monarchy: France (What happened with them?)

issues after War, growth of nationalism

Charles VII

(no royal army)

Taille

a property tax, Louis XI

Louis XI, the Spider

(expansion & control)

England and War of the Roses

CIvil War

Lancasters and Yorks

Tudor Kings

Henry VII

– Eliminates “livery and maintenance”

Low Taxes, income sources

crown rentals, fees, and customs duties

Court of Star Chamber for nobles

(no jury, torture)

Diplomacy to avoid Parliament/war

Spain: Aragon and Castile

Isabella and Ferdinand

Separate courts/parliaments/laws

Estab Royal army

Close association with Catholicism/Pope

Isabella and Cardinal Ximenes

Lawyers as advisors, not aristocrats

The expulsion of Muslims and Jews

150k-200k Jewish people

Spanish Inquisition 1478

Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews

HRE and Habsburgs: strategic marriage

Frederick I quote (HRE)

Maximillian & Reichstag

HRE leads to succession crisis of Spanish crown

Austria, largest landowners in empire

Charles HRE and inheritance of Habsburg,

Burgundian, and Spanish crowns.

Eastern Europe: ethnic groups and faiths

Poland

(Sejm, nobles and “selected” king)

Bohemia (HRE, anti-German)

Hungary

(Magyars and Mattias Corvinus)

Russia

Mongols & Ivan III

Seljuk and Ottoman Turks & Byzantine Empire

John Wycliff, Lollards: church practices

John Hus, Hussites, and heresy: 1415

Church corruption Council fo Constance

Sacrosancta

Frequens

Execrabilis (councils and pope and heresy)

Renaissance Pope

Julius II "Warrior pope", St. Peters and Sistine

Chapel

Nepotism

Leo X

patron of Renaissance culture

Rome/Vatican as cultural/political center

Treasury, Reformation, and Martin Luther

Raphael’s tapestries and Sistine Chapel ceiling