Cognitive Biases: Confirmation Bias
Favoring information that supports what we already believe while ignoring evidence that doesn’t.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cognitive Biases: Confirmation Bias | Favoring information that supports what we already believe while ignoring evidence that doesn’t. |
| Cognitive Biases: Anchoring Bias | Relying too much on the first information we encounter. |
| Cognitive Biases: Availability Heuristic | Overestimating the importance of information that comes to mind easily. |
| Emotional Influences: Stress and Anxiety | These feelings cloud judgment and weaken decision making and thinking. |
| Emotional Influences: Personal Bias | Strong feelings about an idea can make it hard to analyze information objectively. |
| Lack of Information: Superficial Understanding | Skimming or not fully engaging with a text leads to shallow understanding, resulting in weak arguments and poorly supported conclusions. |
| Lack of Information: Over-reliance on Secondary Sources | Using mostly secondary sources without checking primary data can introduce errors and bias. |
| Overconfidence: Assuming Expertise | Thinking we know more than we do, which keeps us from seeking more information or questioning assumptions. |
| Overconfidence: Dismissing Feedback | Ignoring criticism, which prevents us from refining our ideas and improving our work. |
| Groupthink: Pressure to Conform | Feeling pressure to agree with peers or instructors can limit independent critical thinking in academic settings. |
| Groupthink: Lack of Diverse Perspectives | Conforming to group opinions limits diverse viewpoints, harming critical analysis. |