Fractional Rule
A measuring rule with major divisions in feet and inches; inch divisions commonly include 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, and 1/16 inch. 【1-080212】
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Fractional Rule | A measuring rule with major divisions in feet and inches; inch divisions commonly include 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, and 1/16 inch. 【1-080212】 |
Metric Rule | A measuring system based on the meter (m) with millimeters, centimeters, and kilometers as units. 【1-080212】 |
1 Inch | Equals 25.4 millimeters. 【1-080212】 |
1 Foot | Equals 304.8 millimeters. 【1-080212】 |
1 Yard | Equals 914.4 millimeters. 【1-080212】 |
1 Meter | Equals 1000 millimeters or 39.37 inches. 【1-080212】 |
Drawing Scale | A reduced-size representation of an object or building on a drawing. 【1-080212】 |
Architect's Scale | A scale commonly used on construction drawings, such as 1/4" = 1'-0". 【1-080212】 |
Engineer's Scale | A scale where 1 inch may represent 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 60 feet. 【1-080212】 |
Metric Scale | A scale expressed as a ratio, such as 1:50. 【1-080212】 |
Plan View | A drawing showing an object or building from directly above. 【1-080212】 |
Dimension Line | A line indicating the size or distance between features. 【1-080212】 |
Extension Line | A line showing the points between which a dimension applies. 【1-080212】 |
Break Line | A line indicating a portion of an object has been removed or not shown. 【1-080212】 |
Long Break Line | Used to indicate the full length of an object is not shown. 【1-080212】 |
Short Break Line | Used to reveal details beneath an object. 【1-080212】 |
Section Cutting Line | A line identifying where a sectional view is taken; also called a cutting-plane line. 【1-080212】 |
Alphabet of Lines | The system of line types and widths used on construction drawings. 【1-080212】 |
Orthographic Drawing | A drawing created with views projected at right angles to show accurate dimensions and details. 【1-080212】 |
Orthographic Projection | A method of creating multiple true-size views of an object at right angles. 【1-080212】 |
Floor Plan | A plan drawing showing the building layout. 【1-080212】 |
Foundation Plan | A plan drawing showing the building foundation. 【1-080212】 |
Framing Plan | A plan drawing showing the layout of structural members. 【1-080212】 |
Electrical Plan | A plan drawing showing receptacles, switches, and lighting fixtures. 【1-080212】 |
Plumbing Plan | A plan drawing showing supply, waste, and plumbing equipment systems. 【1-080212】 |
Mechanical Plan | A plan drawing showing HVAC and mechanical systems. 【1-080212】 |
Elevation | An orthographic view showing the exterior or vertical features of a building. 【1-080212】 |
Exterior Elevation | A drawing showing building style, doors, windows, moldings, and exterior finishes. 【1-080212】 |
Dimensioning Practices | Methods used to locate and size building features on drawings. 【1-080212】 |
Specifications | Written statements defining the work, quality, materials, and requirements of a construction project. 【1-080212】 |
Specs | A common abbreviation for specifications. 【1-080212】 |
MasterFormat | A CSI-developed standard used to organize construction specifications into divisions. 【1-080212】 |
Division 01 | General Requirements. 【1-080212】 |
Division 02 | Existing Conditions. 【1-080212】 |
Division 03 | Concrete. 【1-080212】 |
Division 04 | Masonry. 【1-080212】 |
Division 05 | Metals. 【1-080212】 |
Division 06 | Wood, Plastics, and Composites. 【1-080212】 |
Division 07 | Thermal and Moisture Protection. 【1-080212】 |
Division 08 | Openings. 【1-080212】 |
Division 09 | Finishes. 【1-080212】 |
Division 21 | Fire Suppression. 【1-080212】 |
Division 22 | Plumbing. 【1-080212】 |
Division 23 | HVAC. 【1-080212】 |
Division 26 | Electrical. 【1-080212】 |
Division 31 | Earthwork. 【1-080212】 |
Division 32 | Exterior Improvements. 【1-080212】 |
Division 33 | Utilities. 【1-080212】 |
Building Codes | Laws and standards that regulate building construction requirements. 【1-080212】 |
Model Codes | National building codes used as standards. 【1-080212】 |
Local Building Codes | Community ordinances specifying minimum construction standards. 【1-080212】 |
OSHA Standards | Safety and health standards that protect workers. 【1-080212】 |
Aggregates | Gravel materials used for subbase support, backfill, drainage, pipe fill, and concrete. 【1-080212】 |
Pea Gravel | Small rounded aggregate ranging from 1/4 inch to 3/8 inch in diameter. 【1-080212】 |
River Gravel | Large aggregate dredged from river bottoms. 【1-080212】 |
Crushed Stone | Mechanically fractured mined stone used as aggregate. 【1-080212】 |
Concrete | A mixture of cement, sand, aggregate, and water that hardens through hydration. 【1-080212】 |
Hydration | The chemical reaction between cement and water that causes concrete to harden. 【1-080212】 |
Water-Cement Ratio | The ratio of water to cement that affects concrete strength and performance. 【1-080212】 |
Type I Cement | Normal Portland cement and the most commonly used type. 【1-080212】 |
Type II Cement | Moderate sulfate-resistant cement. 【1-080212】 |
Type III Cement | High early-strength cement. 【1-080212】 |
Type IV Cement | Low-heat-of-hydration cement. 【1-080212】 |
Type V Cement | High sulfate-resistant cement. 【1-080212】 |
Air Entrainment | A concrete admixture that introduces air into the mix. 【1-080212】 |
Retarder | A concrete admixture that slows setting time. 【1-080212】 |
Accelerator | A concrete admixture that speeds setting time. 【1-080212】 |
Water Reducer | A concrete admixture that improves workability while reducing water content. 【1-080212】 |
Reinforced Concrete | Concrete strengthened with embedded steel to resist tensile forces. 【1-080212】 |
Reinforcing Steel | Steel bars placed in concrete to improve tensile strength. 【1-080212】 |
#3 Rebar | Reinforcing bar with a diameter of 3/8 inch. 【1-080212】 |
#4 Rebar | Reinforcing bar with a diameter of 1/2 inch. 【1-080212】 |
#5 Rebar | Reinforcing bar with a diameter of 5/8 inch. 【1-080212】 |
#10 Rebar | Reinforcing bar with a diameter of 1 1/4 inch. 【1-080212】 |
Welded Wire Fabric | Prefabricated mesh of welded steel wires used to reinforce slabs and floors. 【1-080212】 |
Masonry | Construction using brick, CMU, clay tile, or stone units. 【1-080212】 |
CMU | Concrete Masonry Unit. 【1-080212】 |
Adobe Brick | Brick made from earth materials and dried naturally. 【1-080212】 |
Face Brick | Brick used where appearance is important. 【1-080212】 |
Firebrick | Brick designed to withstand high temperatures. 【1-080212】 |
Paving Brick | Brick used for paving applications. 【1-080212】 |
Stone Masonry | Masonry construction using natural stone materials. 【1-080212】 |
Granite | A common stone masonry material. 【1-080212】 |
Limestone | A common stone masonry material. 【1-080212】 |
Marble | A common stone masonry material. 【1-080212】 |
Sandstone | A common stone masonry material. 【1-080212】 |
Slate | A common stone masonry material. 【1-080212】 |
Rubble Masonry | Stone masonry using irregularly shaped stones. 【1-080212】 |
Ashlar Masonry | Stone masonry using squared stones laid in a pattern. 【1-080212】 |
Structural Clay Tile | A large clay masonry unit with rectangular cells. 【1-080212】 |
Type M Mortar | High-compressive-strength, durable mortar. 【1-080212】 |
Type S Mortar | High-strength mortar with a strong bond. 【1-080212】 |
Type N Mortar | General-purpose mortar with medium strength. 【1-080212】 |
Type O Mortar | Low-strength mortar for interior nonbearing masonry. 【1-080212】 |
Type K Mortar | Very low-strength mortar for limited interior applications. 【1-080212】 |
Ferrous Metals | Metals containing iron and usually having magnetic properties. 【1-080212】 |
Nonferrous Metals | Metals that contain no iron and are generally nonmagnetic. 【1-080212】 |
Galvanizing | Application of a zinc coating to steel or iron to resist rust. 【1-080212】 |
Electroplating | Application of a metallic coating using electrical current. 【1-080212】 |
Structural Steel | Hot-rolled steel sections, shapes, and plates used in construction. 【1-080212】 |
Wide-Flange Beam | A structural steel beam designated by depth and weight, such as W12×16. 【1-080212】 |
Angle | A structural steel shape designated by leg dimensions and thickness, such as L3×3×1/2. 【1-080212】 |
Hardwood | Wood classification typically from deciduous trees. 【1-080212】 |
Softwood | Wood classification typically from coniferous trees. 【1-080212】 |
Rough-Sawn Lumber | Lumber cut to size but not surfaced or dressed. 【1-080212】 |
S2S | Wood surfaced on two sides. 【1-080212】 |
S4S | Wood surfaced on four sides. 【1-080212】 |
Plywood | Wood panel made of multiple layers with alternating grain directions. 【1-080212】 |
Glue-Laminated Timber | Layers of lumber bonded with adhesives to create structural members. 【1-080212】 |
Gypsum Wallboard | A gypsum core faced with treated paper and used for walls and ceilings. 【1-080212】 |
Ceramic Tile | Tile used on floors and walls that may be glazed or unglazed. 【1-080212】 |
Mosaic Tile | Small tiles used to create designs and patterns. 【1-080212】 |
Quarry Tile | Wear-resistant ceramic tile. 【1-080212】 |
Float Glass | The most common type of flat glass produced by floating molten glass on molten tin. 【1-080212】 |
Safety Glass | Tempered, laminated, or wired glass designed for safety. 【1-080212】 |
Insulating Glass | Glass units designed to reduce heat transfer. 【1-080212】 |
Plastics | Materials used for countertops, wall surfacing, gutters, pipes, and other construction applications. 【1-080212】 |
Insulation | Material used to reduce heat transmission. 【1-080212】 |
R-Value | A measure of a material's resistance to heat transfer. 【1-080212】 |
Flexible Insulation | A bendable form of insulation material. 【1-080212】 |
Loose-Fill Insulation | Insulation consisting of loose particles blown or poured into spaces. 【1-080212】 |
Reflective Insulation | Insulation that reduces radiant heat transfer. 【1-080212】 |
Rigid Insulation | Structural or nonstructural insulation boards. 【1-080212】 |
VOC | Volatile Organic Compound emitted by some building materials. 【1-080212】 |
Sustainable Materials | Materials that conserve resources and maintain long-term building performance. 【1-080212】 |