A program is defined as which of the following

Group of related projects managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits and control not available from managing them individually

Project portfolio management focuses on which of the following

Selecting and managing projects strategically to support organizational goals

Which of the following helps projects succeed the most according to project management research

User involvement

Progressive elaboration means which of the following

Project details become clearer and more defined over time

Organizational culture mainly affects which of the following

Project success

In project management, a champion is best described as which of the following

A senior manager who actively supports and promotes the project

Phase exits, also called kill points or management reviews, are used for which purpose

To evaluate progress and decide whether a project should continue to the next phase

Which of the following is a common disadvantage of virtual teams

Communication problems among team members

Which of the following is an output of the closing process group

Project files and lessons learned documentation

What is the main purpose of a project kick-off meeting

To introduce stakeholders, review project goals, and discuss future plans

Monitoring and controlling processes include which of the following activities

Measuring and tracking project performance

Agile project management primarily delivers work using which approach

Iterations or incremental deliveries

Project integration management refers to which of the following

Coordinating all project management knowledge areas throughout the project life cycle

Return on investment compares which two factors

Project benefits and project costs

The payback period measures which of the following

The amount of time required to recover the initial investment in a project

A weighted scoring model is primarily used for which purpose

Selecting and prioritizing projects

In project management, a baseline is defined as which of the following

The approved project management plan plus approved changes

A requirements traceability matrix is used to ensure which of the following

That all project requirements are addressed and tracked

A work breakdown structure is best described as which of the following

A deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project

Decomposition in project management refers to which activity

Breaking project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components

The scope baseline typically includes which of the following

The project scope statement, the work breakdown structure, and the WBS dictionary

Scope validation is the process of which of the following

Formal acceptance of completed project deliverables by stakeholders or customers

The primary goal of scope control is which of the following

Managing changes to project scope according to established procedures

Scope creep most commonly occurs because of which factor

Poorly defined or changing project requirements

In Scrum, the product backlog is best described as which of the following

A prioritized list of features or requirements for the product

A typical Scrum sprint usually lasts how long

Two to four weeks

The ScrumMaster’s main responsibility is which of the following

Facilitating the team and removing obstacles that prevent progress

A burndown chart is used to display which information

The amount of work remaining over time in a sprint

Integrated change control refers to which process

Evaluating, approving, and managing changes across the project

In the project life cycle, the highest level of risk and uncertainty occurs during which phase

The early phase of the project

A project’s stakeholders consist of customers, users, suppliers, sponsors, the project team, and others involved in or affected by project activities. True

Project scope management involves defining and managing all the work required to complete the project successfully. Scope management

The critical path is the longest path through a network diagram that determines what

The earliest completion date of a project

Good project managers assume that their definition of success is the same as the sponsors’ definition of success. False

An important tool for project scope management is which of the following

Work breakdown structure

Projects differ from operations because projects end when their objectives have been reached or the project has been terminated. True

Strategic goals are generally long-term in nature whereas tactical goals are what

Short-term and more specific

It is mandatory for project managers working on large information technology projects to be experts in the field of information technology. False

A project manager’s primary role is to provide funding for a project. False

A Gantt chart is a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their start and finish dates in what format

Calendar format

A preliminary or rough cost estimate is developed in which phase of the project life cycle

Concept phase

A deliverable refers to what

A product or service produced as part of a project

According to the symbolic frame, the most important aspect of any event in an organization is not what actually happened, but what it means. True

An organization that uses a project organizational structure earns its revenue primarily from performing projects for other groups under contract. True

The meaning conveyed through company dress code belongs to which organizational frame

Symbolic frame

In a functional organizational structure, who reports directly to the chief executive officer

Functional managers or vice presidents of departments

In a matrix organizational structure, personnel often report to whom

Both a functional manager and one or more project managers

In a project organizational structure, program managers report to whom

The chief executive officer

In organizational culture, control refers to what

The degree to which rules, policies, and supervision are used to oversee employee behavior

Means-end orientation refers to what

The degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than processes

In Scrum, a team contract is usually not necessary because why

Teams are self-directed and manage their own work

Developing a project management plan occurs within which knowledge area

Project integration management

During which process group does an organization recognize that a new project exists and complete a project charter

Initiating

Decisions and actions taken in one project management knowledge area often affect other knowledge areas. True

A burndown chart is an important Scrum artifact used to display what

Progress and remaining work during a sprint

Agile methods consist of a single linear workflow with fixed requirements. False

Acquiring and developing the project team, performing quality assurance, and managing stakeholder expectations are examples of which process group

Executing

An organization’s strategic plan expresses the vision, mission, goals, objectives, and strategies of the organization. True

Enterprise environmental factors are considered an output of which knowledge area when related to team development and environment

Project human resource management

Reporting performance so stakeholders can identify needed changes belongs to which process group

Monitoring and controlling

A SWOT analysis cannot be performed using mind mapping techniques. False

Organizations should consider only projects with a negative net present value when financial value is a key criterion. False

A project management plan is used to do what

Coordinate all project planning documents and guide execution and control

A project charter authorizes the project manager to use organizational resources to complete the project. True

Revising processes in response to problems or complaints is an example of what

Corrective action

Internal rate of return is the discount rate that results in what net present value

Zero

Which document formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on objectives and management

Project charter

An annual discount factor is defined as what

A multiplier for each year based on the discount rate and year

A Gantt chart is the same as a project management plan. False

A formal documented process describing how project documents may be modified is called what

Change control system

The triple constraint of project management includes which three factors

Scope time and cost

A project is defined as what

A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product service or result

The project sponsor is primarily responsible for what

Providing direction and funding for the project

Systems thinking requires project managers to do what

View projects within the broader organizational context

A matrix organizational structure is best described as what

A structure where personnel report to multiple managers

How many project management process groups are defined in standard project management practice

Five

Which process group typically consumes the most time and resources

Executing

Which document is created to formally start a project and communicate high-level objectives

Project charter

When financial value is a key criterion, projects should generally have what net present value

Positive net present value

Scope creep refers to what

Uncontrolled changes or additions to project scope

The lowest level of the work breakdown structure is called what

Work package

Scope validation involves what activity

Formal acceptance of deliverables

Strategic planning involves determining what

Long-term objectives and future project needs

Net present value analysis calculates what

Expected monetary gain or loss discounted to the present

Return on investment is calculated by comparing what

Total benefits and total costs

Payback analysis determines what

How long it takes to recover the initial investment

A balanced scorecard is used to do what

Evaluate projects across multiple strategic dimensions

The project management plan contains what type of information

Work schedule budget processes and organization details

Directing and managing project work involves doing what

Carrying out the project management plan

Monitoring project work involves doing what

Collecting measuring and reporting performance information

Integrated change control ensures what

Changes are identified evaluated approved and managed

Closing a project or phase involves what

Finalizing all activities and documenting lessons learned

Requirements elicitation refers to what

Gathering stakeholder needs and expectations

Benchmarking in requirements collection means what

Comparing practices with other projects or organizations

A WBS dictionary provides what

Detailed descriptions of each WBS element

Scope baseline is used for what

Measuring and controlling scope performance

Variance in project management refers to what

The difference between planned and actual performance

Customer inspection and sign-off are common methods of what

Scope validation

Off-the-shelf hardware and software are recommended because why

They reduce cost risk and complexity

A project should pass through management reviews after each phase for what purpose

To evaluate progress and ensure alignment with organizational goals