Acetyl CoA (2C) condenses with _________ oxaloacetate (4C) to make ________(6C)

- Oxaloacetate - Citrate

2 C are oxidized to ______

CO2

How many 3 NADH, FADH2, QH2, GTP are made for each acetyl coA?

3 NADH 1 FADH2 1 QH2 1 GTP

Where does the CAC occur?

Mitochondrial matrix

What does the CAC do?

Acetyl CoA -> CO2

What high energy products does CAC produce?

- NADH - FADH/QH2 - GTP

Is CAC an aerobic or anaerobic process?

Aerobic - O2 reduction to reoxidize NADH, FADH2

What does it mean when CAC is amphibolic?

Intermediates can be used in anabolic rxns

What is the first step of CAC catalyzed by?

Citrate synthase

Is the rxn catalyzed by citrate synthase reversible? Regulated?

- Irreversible - Not regulated

What is the process from citrate -> isocitrate?

Isomerization (always reversible) - not regulated

What is the process from isocitrate -> alpha ketoglutarate?

Oxidative decarboxylation

Is the Oxidative decarboxylation rxn irreversible? Regulated?

- Irreversible - Regulated

Is the Oxidative decarboxylation step energy capture?

Yes (NADH generated)

What is the second Oxidative decarboxylation step catalyzed by?

alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

What is the high energy intermediate in the second Oxidative decarboxylation step?

Succinyl-coA

What process is succinate -> fumarate?

Oxidation

What is the oxidation of succinate catalyzed by? is it reversible?

Succinate dehydrogenase - Reversible

Where is the oxidation of succinate happening?

Integral membrane protein (Complex II)

What is the energy capture step of succinate to fumarate?

FADH2/QH2

Is Succinate CoA -> succinate reversible?

Yes

What is the process of succinate coA -> succinate?

Substrate level phosphorylation

What is the energy capture step of succinate coA?

NTP

In succinate -> fumarate, FADH2 is reoxidixed by _____ e- to coenzyme Q

Donating - Ubiquinone reduced to ubiquinol

Where is QH2 reoxidized?

ETC

Succinate dehydrogenase is a membrane bound enzyme and part of ___________ in the ETC

Complex II

What is the process of Fumarate -> malate?

Hydration

Is hydration of fumarate reversible?

Yes

What is the process: malate -> oxaloacetate?

Oxidation

What is oxidation of malate catalyzed by?

Malate dehydrogenase

Is oxidation of malate reversible? what is energy capture step?

- Reversible - NADH

What are the regulated enzyme of CAC?

- Isocitrate dehydrogenase - Alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

T/F: There are RDS in CAC

False

What are anaplerotic rxns?

Replenish CAC intermediates

What rxns are anaplerotic?

- AA breakdown - Pyruvate carboxylase

__________ catalyzed anaplerotic rxn

Pyruvate carboxylase

The formation of __________ from pyruvate is anaplerotic and catalyzed by ___________

- Oxaloacetate - Pyruvate carboxylase

What is pyruvate carboxylase activated by? Inhibited by?

Activated: Acetyl coA Inhibited: ADP

How many ATP for each acetyl coA?

10

How many ATP for 3 NADH? 1 FADH2? 1 GTP?

3 NADH: 7.5 ATP 1 FADH2: 1.5 ATP 1 GTP: 1 ATP

Complete aerobic oxidation of glucose yields ____ ATP

32

Anaerobic glycolysis generate _____ ATP (net)

2