Question 1. a) What does GIS stand for?

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM

Question 1. b) Briefly explain what GIS allows users to do with spatial data.

GIS ALLOWS USERS TO CAPTURE, STORE, MANAGE, ANALYZE, AND VISUALIZE SPATIAL DATA TO IDENTIFY PATTERNS, RELATIONSHIPS, AND SUPPORT DECISION-MAKING.

Question 1. c) Provide one example of how GIS can support urban planning decisions.

CAN HELP WHEN DOING SITE ANALYSIS TO GET INFORMATION ON SITE, WHICH WILL DIRECTLY EFFECT THEIR PLANNING

Question 1. d) Provide one example of how GIS can be applied in other design-related fields.

CAN BE USED IN TRANSPORTATION DESIGN TO ANALYZE TRAFFIC FLOW AND OPTIMIZE ROAD NETWORKS OR IN ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN TO ASSESS IMPACTS OF DEVELOPMENT ON NATURAL SYSTEMS

Question 2. Both GIS software (e.g., ArcGIS Pro) and computer graphic software (e.g., AutoCAD) are used in urban design work. a) Explain one key difference between GIS and CAD software.

GIS MANAGES AND ANALYZES SPATIAL DATA WITH ATTRIBUTES, WHILE CAD FOCUSES ON PRECISE DESIGN AND DRAFTING

Question 2. Both GIS software (e.g., ArcGIS Pro) and computer graphic software (e.g., AutoCAD) are used in urban design work. b) Provide one planning or design scenario where GIS would be more appropriate.

GIS IS APPROPRIATE WHEN ANALYZING DEMOGRAPHIC OR LAND USE DATA TO INFORM LOCATION-BASED DECISIONS

Question 2. Both GIS software (e.g., ArcGIS Pro) and computer graphic software (e.g., AutoCAD) are used in urban design work. c) Provide one planning or design scenario where CAD would be more appropriate.

CAD WOULD BE MORE APPROPRIATE TO USE WHEN YOU HAVE MADE A MAP, YOU CAN ENHANCE THE DESIGN BY USING CLIPPINGS OR LAYERS TO MAKE DESIGNS MORE APPEALING

Question 3. GIS datasets usually contain spatial and non-spatial information. a) What is spatial data?

SPATIAL DATA IS INFORMATION THAT DEFINES THE LOCATION AND SHAPE OF GEOGRAPHIC FEATURES IN SPACE (POINTS, LINES, POLYGONS).

Question 3. GIS datasets usually contain spatial and non-spatial information. b) What is attribute data?

ATTRIBUTE DATA IS NON-SPATIAL INFORMATION THAT DESCRIBES THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SPATIAL FEATURES.

Question 3. GIS datasets usually contain spatial and non-spatial information. c) Give one example of each in an urban planning dataset.

SPATIAL DATA EXAMPLE: LOCATION OF ROADS OR BUILDINGS. ATTRIBUTE DATA EXAMPLE: POPULATION OR LAND USE TYPE FOR EACH BUILDING OR PARCEL.

Question 4. When working with maps in GIS, geographic information is often classified as discrete data or continuous data. a) Explain discrete data in a GIS context.

DISCRETE DATA REPRESENTS DISTINCT, SEPARATE FEATURES WITH CLEAR BOUNDARIES SUCH AS BUILDINGS OR PARCELS.

Question 4. When working with maps in GIS, geographic information is often classified as discrete data or continuous data. b) Explain continuous data in a GIS context.

CONTINUOUS DATA REPRESENTS GRADUALLY CHANGING SURFACES WITHOUT CLEAR BOUNDARIES SUCH AS ELEVATION OR TEMPERATURE.

Question 4. When working with maps in GIS, geographic information is often classified as discrete data or continuous data. c) Provide one example of discrete data used in urban or environmental planning.

BUILDING FOOTPRINTS OR PARCEL BOUNDARIES.

Question 4. When working with maps in GIS, geographic information is often classified as discrete data or continuous data. d) Provide one example of continuous data used in urban or environmental planning.

ELEVATION SURFACE (DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL) OR AIR TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION.

Question 5. ArcGIS Pro, ArcMap, QGIS, and WebGIS are different GIS platforms used in planning practice. For each platform, briefly identify: a) One strength.

ARCGIS PRO: POWERFUL ANALYSIS AND PROFESSIONAL TOOLSET. ARCMAP: WIDELY USED LEGACY SYSTEM WITH MANY EXISTING WORKFLOWS. QGIS: FREE AND OPEN SOURCE. WEBGIS: EASY SHARING AND ACCESS THROUGH BROWSER.

Question 5. ArcGIS Pro, ArcMap, QGIS, and WebGIS are different GIS platforms used in planning practice. For each platform, briefly identify: b) One limitation.

ARCGIS PRO: EXPENSIVE AND RESOURCE HEAVY. ARCMAP: OBSOLETE AND LESS SUPPORTED. (OUTDATED) QGIS: LESS STANDARDIZED WORKFLOWS. WEBGIS: LIMITED ADVANCED ANALYSIS CAPABILITY.

Question 5. ArcGIS Pro, ArcMap, QGIS, and WebGIS are different GIS platforms used in planning practice. For each platform, briefly identify: c) One appropriate use case in city or environmental planning.

ARCGIS PRO: URBAN SUITABILITY ANALYSIS. ARCMAP: MAINTAINING EXISTING MUNICIPAL DATASETS. QGIS: SMALL SCALE PLANNING OR EDUCATION PROJECTS. WEBGIS: PUBLIC DASHBOARDS FOR CITY DATA.

Question 6. A 1000-meter city block appears as 5 centimeters on a printed map. a) Calculate the map scale.

5 CM ON MAP = 1000 M IN REALITY = 1000 M = 100,000 CM, SO SCALE IS 5:100,000 = 1:20,000

Question 6. A 1000-meter city block appears as 5 centimeters on a printed map. b) Express the scale as a representative fraction.

1:20,000

Question 6. A 1000-meter city block appears as 5 centimeters on a printed map. c) Interpret the scale in terms of map distance and real-world distance.

1 CM ON MAP REPRESENTS 200 METERS ON THE GROUND.

Question 6. A 1000-meter city block appears as 5 centimeters on a printed map. d) Explain why including a scale bar is an important requirement in cartography.

IT ALLOWS USERS TO ACCURATELY MEASURE DISTANCES AND REMAINS VALID EVEN IF THE MAP IS RESIZED OR PRINTED AT DIFFERENT SCALES.

Question 7. You add a City of Calgary land-use layer together with a world basemap. When you click Full Extent, the city data seems to disappear. a) Explain why this might occur even though the layer still exists in the Content Pane.

THIS IS BECAUSE THE DATA IS TO TINY TO BE SEEN WHEN GOING INTO FULL EXTENT, BECAUSE YOU ARE SEEING THE WHOLE WORLD MAP, RATHER THAN THE CALGARY WITH ITS CITY DATA

Question 7. You add a City of Calgary land-use layer together with a world basemap. When you click Full Extent, the city data seems to disappear. b) What does this indicate about map scale or spatial extent?

IT INDICATES A SCALE MISMATCH WHERE THE GLOBAL EXTENT IS TOO LARGE TO DISPLAY LOCAL DETAILED DATA EFFECTIVELY.

Question 7. You add a City of Calgary land-use layer together with a world basemap. When you click Full Extent, the city data seems to disappear. c) Suggest one practical way to make the city data visible again.

CAN EITHER CLICK PREVIOUS EXTENT ARROW OR RIGHT CLICK THE CITY DATA LAYER AND SELECT ZOOM TO LAYER TO VIEW THE DATA IN ITS CITY CONTEXT

Question 8. Data types define the structure and measurement level of variables in GIS, which directly affects statistical analysis and spatial modeling. Provide exactly one definition and one GIS example for each data type. Avoid overlapping between categories. a) Nominal

CATEGORICAL DATA WITHOUT INHERENT ORDER; EXAMPLE: LAND USE TYPE (RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL).

Question 8. Data types define the structure and measurement level of variables in GIS, which directly affects statistical analysis and spatial modeling. Provide exactly one definition and one GIS example for each data type. Avoid overlapping between categories. b) Ordinal

CATEGORICAL DATA WITH A RANKING ORDER; EXAMPLE: HIGH/MEDIUM/LOW RISK ZONES.

Question 8. Data types define the structure and measurement level of variables in GIS, which directly affects statistical analysis and spatial modeling. Provide exactly one definition and one GIS example for each data type. Avoid overlapping between categories. c) Ratio

NUMERICAL DATA WITH TRUE ZERO; EXAMPLE: POPULATION COUNT PER CENSUS TRACT.

Question 8. Data types define the structure and measurement level of variables in GIS, which directly affects statistical analysis and spatial modeling. Provide exactly one definition and one GIS example for each data type. Avoid overlapping between categories. d) Interval

NUMERICAL DATA WITH EQUAL INTERVALS BUT NO TRUE ZERO; EXAMPLE: SUCH AS AIR TEMPERATURE IN A GIS DATASET

Question 9. When mapping the variables below, identify and explain which symbology method would be most appropriate: single symbol, unique values, graduated color, dot density, or pie chart. a) Land use category by parcel (e.g., residential, commercial, industrial)

UNIQUE VALUES BECAUSE EACH PARCEL BELONGS TO A DISTINCT CATEGORY, AND DIFFERENT COLORS ALLOW CLEAR VISUAL DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN LAND USE TYPES.

Question 9. When mapping the variables below, identify and explain which symbology method would be most appropriate: single symbol, unique values, graduated color, dot density, or pie chart. b) Population density by census tract

GRADUATED COLOR BECAUSE IT REPRESENTS NUMERICAL DATA THAT VARIES ACROSS SPACE, AND COLOR GRADIENTS EFFECTIVELY SHOW DIFFERENCES IN DENSITY.

Question 9. When mapping the variables below, identify and explain which symbology method would be most appropriate: single symbol, unique values, graduated color, dot density, or pie chart. c) Locations of public libraries in a city

SINGLE SYMBOL BECAUSE ALL FEATURES ARE THE SAME TYPE, AND ONE SYMBOL CLEARLY SHOWS THEIR LOCATIONS WITHOUT NEED FOR DIFFERENTIATION.

Question 9. When mapping the variables below, identify and explain which symbology method would be most appropriate: single symbol, unique values, graduated color, dot density, or pie chart. d) Total population distribution across a province

DOT DENSITY BECAUSE IT VISUALLY REPRESENTS THE DISTRIBUTION AND CONCENTRATION OF POPULATION ACROSS A LARGE AREA USING DOTS.

Question 9. When mapping the variables below, identify and explain which symbology method would be most appropriate: single symbol, unique values, graduated color, dot density, or pie chart. e) Proportion of commuting modes (car, transit, walking, cycling) by neighborhood

PIE CHART BECAUSE IT SHOWS MULTIPLE CATEGORIES AS PROPORTIONS OF A WHOLE WITHIN EACH AREA, MAKING COMPARISONS BETWEEN MODES CLEAR.

Question 10. Raw data values are often normalized before being mapped in GIS. a) Explain what data normalization is and why it is often necessary when comparing data across geographic areas.

DATA NORMALIZATION IS THE PROCESS OF ADJUSTING RAW VALUES (E.G. PER CAPITA OR PER AREA) TO ALLOW FAIR COMPARISONS BETWEEN AREAS OF DIFFERENT SIZE OR POPULATION.

Question 10. Raw data values are often normalized before being mapped in GIS. b) If we want to understand danger levels across a city, a map showing the number of crimes reported in each census tract may be misleading. Explain why.

BECAUSE LARGER OR MORE POPULOUS AREAS WILL NATURALLY HAVE MORE INCIDENTS, WHICH DOES NOT REFLECT TRUE RISK OR RATE.

Question 10. Raw data values are often normalized before being mapped in GIS. c) Suggest one appropriate normalization method for the crime example.

CRIMES PER 1,000 RESIDENTS (CRIME RATE).

Question 11. In GIS, spatial data are referenced using geographic and projected coordinate systems. a) What is a Geographic Coordinate System (GCS), and what units does it use?

A GCS IS A GLOBAL COORDINATE SYSTEM BASED ON LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE, USING DEGREES.

Question 11. In GIS, spatial data are referenced using geographic and projected coordinate systems. b) What is a Projected Coordinate System (PCS), and what units does it typically use?

A PCS IS A FLAT MAP PROJECTION OF THE EARTH THAT USES LINEAR UNITS SUCH AS METERS OR FEET.

Question 11. In GIS, spatial data are referenced using geographic and projected coordinate systems. c) Explain why PCS are often preferred when mapping cities or regions.

BECAUSE THEY PROVIDE MORE ACCURATE DISTANCE, AREA, AND SHAPE MEASUREMENTS AT LOCAL SCALES.

Question 11. In GIS, spatial data are referenced using geographic and projected coordinate systems. d) What is one limitation of map projections when representing the Earth on a flat map?

ALL PROJECTIONS INTRODUCE DISTORTION IN SHAPE, AREA, DISTANCE, OR DIRECTION.

Question 12. In class tutorials, we covered two ways of working with coordinate systems. a) What happens when you change the map coordinate system in the map properties?

IT CHANGES ONLY THE DISPLAY PROJECTION OF THE MAP WITHOUT ALTERING THE ORIGINAL DATASETS.

Question 12. In class tutorials, we covered two ways of working with coordinate systems. b) What happens when you run the Project geoprocessing tool?

IT CREATES A NEW DATASET IN A DIFFERENT COORDINATE SYSTEM.

Question 12. In class tutorials, we covered two ways of working with coordinate systems. c) When you have multiple layers from different sources and plan to perform overlay or spatial analysis, which approach should you choose and why?

USE THE PROJECT TOOL TO ENSURE ALL DATASETS SHARE THE SAME COORDINATE SYSTEM FOR ACCURATE ANALYSIS.

Question 13. Vector data and raster data are two main data types in GIS. a) Define vector data and describe one advantage and one disadvantage.

VECTOR DATA REPRESENTS FEATURES USING POINTS, LINES, AND POLYGONS; ADVANTAGE IS HIGH PRECISION, DISADVANTAGE IS COMPLEXITY FOR CONTINUOUS DATA.

Question 13. Vector data and raster data are two main data types in GIS. b) Define raster data and describe one advantage and one disadvantage.

RASTER DATA REPRESENTS DATA AS GRID CELLS; ADVANTAGE IS GOOD FOR CONTINUOUS SURFACES, DISADVANTAGE IS LARGE FILE SIZE AND LOWER DETAIL.

Question 13. Vector data and raster data are two main data types in GIS. c) Provide one mapping application suitable for vector data and one for raster data.

VECTOR: PARCEL MAPPING. RASTER: ELEVATION OR LANDSAT IMAGERY.

Question 14. Vector data represent geographic features as points, lines, or polygons, depending on how they are conceptualized. Using city blocks surrounding SAPL campus as an example: a) Identify and explain one feature that would be best represented as a point.

A BUS STOP OR STREETLIGHT LOCATION.

Question 14. Vector data represent geographic features as points, lines, or polygons, depending on how they are conceptualized. Using city blocks surrounding SAPL campus as an example: b) Identify and explain one feature that would be best represented as a line.

A ROAD OR SIDEWALK CONNECTING BLOCKS.

Question 14. Vector data represent geographic features as points, lines, or polygons, depending on how they are conceptualized. Using city blocks surrounding SAPL campus as an example: c) Identify and explain one feature that would be best represented as a polygon.

A CITY BLOCK OR BUILDING FOOTPRINT.

Question 14. Vector data represent geographic features as points, lines, or polygons, depending on how they are conceptualized. Using city blocks surrounding SAPL campus as an example: d) Explain why a geographic feature may sometimes be represented as a point but at other times as a polygon, and provide one example.

IT DEPENDS ON SCALE; A BUILDING CAN BE A POINT AT CITY SCALE BUT A POLYGON AT DETAILED SITE SCALE.

Question 15. Understanding attribute tables is important when working with GIS datasets. a) What is an attribute table in GIS? What does each row and column represent?

A TABLE THAT STORES NON-SPATIAL INFORMATION ABOUT FEATURES; EACH ROW IS A FEATURE AND EACH COLUMN IS A ATTRIBUTE FIELD.

Question 15. Understanding attribute tables is important when working with GIS datasets. b) Give one example of each attribute data type: descriptive, categorical, and quantitative.

DESCRIPTIVE: BUILDING NAME. CATEGORICAL: LAND USE TYPE. QUANTITATIVE: POPULATION.

Question 15. Understanding attribute tables is important when working with GIS datasets. c) Give one example of each field format when creating a new attribute field: date, decimal, integer, and text.

DATE: 2026-03-30. DECIMAL: 12.5. INTEGER: 10. TEXT: "RESIDENTIAL".

Question 15. Understanding attribute tables is important when working with GIS datasets. d) What is a standalone table, and how is it different from an attribute table?

A STANDALONE TABLE IS NOT LINKED TO SPATIAL FEATURES AND CONTAINS ONLY ATTRIBUTE DATA.

Question 16. In GIS, we often need to link information stored in different datasets. a) What is a table join in GIS?

COMBINING TWO TABLES BASED ON A COMMON ATTRIBUTE FIELD.

Question 16. In GIS, we often need to link information stored in different datasets. b) What type of field must exist in both tables in order to perform a table join?

A COMMON KEY FIELD (E.G., ID FIELD).

Question 16. In GIS, we often need to link information stored in different datasets. c) Give one example where a table join would be useful in GIS.

JOINING CENSUS POPULATION DATA TO CENSUS TRACTS.

Question 16. In GIS, we often need to link information stored in different datasets. d) What is the difference between a table join and a spatial join?

A TABLE JOIN USES ATTRIBUTE FIELDS; A SPATIAL JOIN USES LOCATION RELATIONSHIPS.

Question 17. GIS data are organized using several structures that help manage spatial information. a) What is a feature in GIS?

A SINGLE SPATIAL OBJECT SUCH AS A POINT, LINE, OR POLYGON.

Question 17. GIS data are organized using several structures that help manage spatial information. b) What is a feature class?

A COLLECTION OF SIMILAR FEATURES STORED IN A GIS DATASET.

Question 17. GIS data are organized using several structures that help manage spatial information. c) What is a feature dataset?

A CONTAINER THAT HOLDS RELATED FEATURE CLASSES WITH THE SAME COORDINATE SYSTEM.

Question 17. GIS data are organized using several structures that help manage spatial information. d) How are feature classes and feature datasets related, and which of these concepts corresponds most closely to a shapefile?

FEATURE CLASSES ARE STORED INSIDE FEATURE DATASETS; A SHAPEFILE IS MOST SIMILAR TO A SINGLE FEATURE CLASS, BOTH REPRESENT ONE TYPE OF GEOMETRY (POINT, LINE, OR POLYGON) ALONG WITH AN ATTRIBUTE TABLE.

Question 17. GIS data are organized using several structures that help manage spatial information. e) What is a geodatabase? List three types of data that can be stored in it.

A GEODATABASE IS A CONTAINER FOR GIS DATA; IT CAN STORE FEATURE CLASSES, TABLES, AND RASTER DATA.

Question 18. GIS provides several methods to select features for further analysis. a) Give one example where direct selection (e.g., Select by Polygon) would be useful.

SELECTING ALL BUILDINGS WITHIN A STUDY AREA BOUNDARY.

Question 18. GIS provides several methods to select features for further analysis. b) Give one example where Select by Attribute would be useful.

SELECTING ALL PARCELS ZONED AS RESIDENTIAL.

Question 18. GIS provides several methods to select features for further analysis. c) Give one example where Select by Location would useful.

SELECTING PARKS WITHIN 500M OF SCHOOLS.

Question 18. GIS provides several methods to select features for further analysis. d) When applying queries, explain the difference between AND and OR operations in a WHERE clause.

AND REQUIRES BOTH CONDITIONS TO BE TRUE; OR REQUIRES AT LEAST ONE CONDITION TO BE TRUE.

Question 19. Geoprocessing tools are frequently used in GIS analysis. a) Explain what geoprocessing is in GIS.

THE USE OF TOOLS TO MANIPULATE, ANALYZE, AND TRANSFORM GIS DATA.

Question 19. Geoprocessing tools are frequently used in GIS analysis. b) Describe two geoprocessing tools you learned in class.

BUFFER CREATES AREAS AROUND FEATURES; CLIP EXTRACTS DATA USING A BOUNDARY.

Question 19. Geoprocessing tools are frequently used in GIS analysis. c) Describe one scenario where the two tools could be applied together.

CREATING A BUFFER AROUND SCHOOLS AND CLIPPING IT TO A CITY BOUNDARY TO ANALYZE SERVICE AREAS.

Question 20. Buffers are one of the most frequently used geoprocessing tools in GIS. a) Why are buffers important in site selection studies?

THEY HELP DEFINE PROXIMITY CRITERIA AROUND FEATURES FOR SUITABILITY ANALYSIS.

Question 20. Buffers are one of the most frequently used geoprocessing tools in GIS. b) Explain one limitation of using buffers when measuring accessibility.

BUFFERS DO NOT ACCOUNT FOR REAL WORLD TRAVEL ROUTES OR BARRIERS.

Question 20. Buffers are one of the most frequently used geoprocessing tools in GIS. c) In what situation would creating a service area using network analysis be more appropriate than a buffer?

WHEN ROAD NETWORKS OR WALKING ROUTES DETERMINE ACCESSIBILITY.

Question 20. Buffers are one of the most frequently used geoprocessing tools in GIS. d) In what situation would a buffer be more appropriate than network analysis?

WHEN A SIMPLE DISTANCE-BASED APPROXIMATION IS SUFFICIENT.

Question 21. The Canadian Census is an essential data source for researchers and planners. a) How often is the Canadian Census conducted?

EVERY 5 YEARS.

Question 21. The Canadian Census is an essential data source for researchers and planners. b) What year was the most recent census?

2021, IT IS STILL TO EARLY IN THE YEAR TO HAVE THE 2026 CENSUS.

Question 21. The Canadian Census is an essential data source for researchers and planners. c) Provide three examples of variables collected in the census.

AGE, INCOME, AND HOUSEHOLD SIZE.

Question 21. The Canadian Census is an essential data source for researchers and planners. d) What is a Census Tract, and approximately how many people live in one?

A SMALL GEOGRAPHIC AREA USED FOR STATISTICS; ABOUT 2,500 TO 8,000 PEOPLE.

Question 21. The Canadian Census is an essential data source for researchers and planners. e) What is a Dissemination Area, and approximately how many people live in one?

A SMALLER STATISTICAL AREA; ABOUT 400 TO 700 PEOPLE.

Question 22. When using GIS, users may encounter technical issues and must troubleshoot problems. a) What does a red exclamation point next to a map layer in ArcGIS indicate, and how can it be fixed?

IT INDICATES A MISSING OR BROKEN DATA SOURCE; IT CAN BE FIXED BY REPAIRING THE PATH TO THE DATA.

Question 22. When using GIS, users may encounter technical issues and must troubleshoot problems. b) What should be avoided when naming GIS files, folders, and map documents, and what are better naming practices?

AVOID SPACES AND SPECIAL CHARACTERS; USE CONSISTENT UNDERSCORES AND CLEAR SHORT NAMES.

Question 22. When using GIS, users may encounter technical issues and must troubleshoot problems. c) What is metadata, and why should it not be left empty? Provide examples of information that may be included?

METADATA IS DATA ABOUT DATA; IT SHOULD INCLUDE SOURCE, DATE, PROJECTION, AND ATTRIBUTES.

Question 22. When using GIS, users may encounter technical issues and must troubleshoot problems. d) Suggest one method for addressing an error message when working with GIS?

CHECK DATA PATHS, PROJECTION CONSISTENCY, OR RUN TOOL VALIDATION.

Question 23. A city government plans to identify potential locations for a new public park. The park should: (1) be within 1 km of residential areas, (2) be away from industrial zones, and (3) be accessible from major roads. a) List three GIS datasets that would be needed for this analysis.

RESIDENTIAL AREAS LAYER, INDUSTRIAL ZONES LAYER, AND ROAD NETWORK LAYER.

Question 23. A city government plans to identify potential locations for a new public park. The park should: (1) be within 1 km of residential areas, (2) be away from industrial zones, and (3) be accessible from major roads. b) Identify two GIS tools or analyses that could be used.

BUFFER ANALYSIS AND OVERLAY ANALYSIS.

Question 23. A city government plans to identify potential locations for a new public park. The park should: (1) be within 1 km of residential areas, (2) be away from industrial zones, and (3) be accessible from major roads. c) Briefly describe the steps you would take to identify suitable locations.

BUFFER RESIDENTIAL AREAS BY 1 KM, EXCLUDE INDUSTRIAL AREAS USING ERASE OR CLIP, AND CHECK ACCESSIBILITY TO MAJOR ROADS USING BUFFER OR NETWORK ANALYSIS.

Question 23. A city government plans to identify potential locations for a new public park. The park should: (1) be within 1 km of residential areas, (2) be away from industrial zones, and (3) be accessible from major roads. d) Explain one limitation or challenge in this analysis.

DATA ACCURACY OR SIMPLIFICATION OF REAL WORLD ACCESSIBILITY FACTORS.

Question 24. Please review this map. Then answer the following questions. a) Describe your first impression of the map. What aspects influence your reaction?

DEPENDENT ON MAP PROVIDED; COMMON FACTORS INCLUDE CLARITY, COLOUR USE, AND LAYER ORGANIZATION.

Question 24. Please review this map. Then answer the following questions. b) What is the objective or theme of the map? How do the map layers support or fail to support that objective?

OBJECTIVE DEPENDS ON MAP; LAYERS SHOULD CLEARLY REPRESENT THE THEME WITHOUT CLUTTER.

Question 24. Please review this map. Then answer the following questions. c) Describe the visual hierarchy of the map. What elements draw attention first?

PRIMARY ELEMENTS ARE TITLE AND MAIN DATA LAYERS; SECONDARY ARE LABELS AND BASEMAP.

Question 24. Please review this map. Then answer the following questions. d) Suggest two improvements that could make the map clearer or more effective.

SIMPLIFY LAYERS AND IMPROVE SYMBOL CONTRAST OR LABELING.