Prokaryote
Single called organism WITHOUT a membrane-bound nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Prokaryote | Single called organism WITHOUT a membrane-bound nucleus or membrane-bound organelles |
Eukaryote | An organism WITH a membrane-bound nucleus and specialise organelles |
Organelle | A specialised structure inside a cell that performs a specific function |
Semi-permeable | A BARRIER that allows SOME molecules to pass while BLOCKING OTHERS |
Hydrophobic | REPELLED by water; does NOT mix or dissolve in water |
Hydrophilic | ATTRACTED to water; mixes or dissolves easily in water |
Passive transport | MOVEMENT of SUBSTANCE across a MEMBRANE WITHOUT ENERGY input |
Facilitated transport | PASSIVE TRANSPORT of MOLECULES through a MEMBRANE via channel or carrier PROTEINS |
Active transport | Movement of substances using ATP energy against the concentration gradient |
Osmosis | Diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane |
Diffusion | MOVEMENT of PARTICLES from HIGH to LOW concentration |
Concentration gradient | A DIFFERENCE in CONCENTRATION across a MEMBRANE |
Hypotonic | A SOLUTION with LOWER SOLUTE concentration THAN THE CELL |
Cytosis | BULK transport of LARGE particles across the MEMBRANE materials OUT of the CELL |
Endocytosis | The CELL TAKES IN materials into a vesicle to bring them inside |
Surface Area | The TOTAL OUTER AREA of a cell or object |
Volume | The AMOUNT OF SPACE inside a cell or object |
Photolysis | The SPLITTING of WATER using LIGHT ENERGY during photosynthesis |
Carbon fixation | The process of CONVERTING INORGANIC CO2 INTO ORGANIC molecules in photosynthesis |
Respiration | the process of BREAKING DOWN GLUCOSE to release usable energy (ATP) |
Photosynthesis | The process where PLANTS CONVERT LIGHT ENERGY to CHEMICAL ENERGY (glucose) |
Aerobic | Requires oxygen to produce ATP |
Anaerobic | Occurs without oxygen; produces less ATP |
Enzyme | A biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions |
Substrate | The molecule an enzyme acts on |
Optimal | The conditions where an enzyme works at its fastest rate |
Denature | When an enzyme loses it’s shape and can no longer function |
Unicellular | An organism made of one cell |
Multicellular | An organism made of many specialised cells |
Colonial Organisms | groups of identical cells living together; each can survive independently |
Specialisation | When cells develop specific structures and functions |
Undifferentiated | Cells that have not yet specialised |
Differentiated | Cells that have developed specialised functions |
Autotroph | An organism that makes its own food (plants) |
Heterotroph | An organism that must consume other organisms for energy (humans) |
Xylem | Plant tissue that transports water and minerals upward from roots |
Phloem | Plant tissue that transports sugars and nutrients around the plant |