Industrialisation as a cause of urbanisation

People migrated closer to their workplaces from rural areas, resulting in better roads, infrastructure, means of transport and communication.

social factors as a cause of urbanization

Factors like better living conditions, better healthcare, and a rise in social status drive people to move to cities.

sustenance

agriculture provides lower income, so people leave rural areas in search of a better job and income

spread of education

access to information has built awareness about the world among people.

positive impacts of urbanization

1. Increase in the improvement of housing facilities 2. Growth of education and healthcare 3. variety in jobs 4. availability of labour force 5. improved living standards

negative impact of urbanization

1. increased no. of squatters leads to growth of slums. 2. rise in land value 3. cost of living increases 4. crime rate increases 4.congestion and pollution 5. extremely stressful life, with no leisure time

largest slum in asia

dharavi in mumbai

satellite cities

they emerge to supply resources to the main city. they also act as ares of relatively reasonable prices of living for the labour force. they have their own municipalities.

use of satellite cities

provides job opportunities, better housing, less pollution and decongestion.

smart cities

cities that facilities that used urban informatics to improve the efficiency of services.

ICT full form

information communication technology

IOT full form

internet of things

use of ict and iot

Used to manage functions such as water supply, waste management, power supply, and medical and educational facilities.

smart city examples

amsterdam, new york, barcelona, stockholm.